Xncph\´]pcw: kn.]n.Fw Fw.FÂ.FamÀ DÄs¸sS {]Xn]£t\Xm¡fpsS t^m¬tImfpIÄ tNmÀ¯p¶Xmb ]cmXnbn B`y´ca{´n kzoIcn¨ \ne]mSns\Xntc Ffacw Icow \nbak`m kv]o¡À¡p ]cmXn \ÂIn. CtX¡pdn¨v At\zjn¨p \S]Sn kzoIcn¡Wsa¶v ]cmXnbn Bhiys¸«p.
1885se C´y³ sSen{Km^v BIväv 5(2) hIp¸p{]Imcw s]mXpkpc£bpw ASnb´cØnXnbpw \ne\nÀ¯n cmPy¯nsâ ]cam[nImcw, AJÞX, B`y´ckpc£ apXemb Imcy§Ä ]cnKWn¨v CþsabnÂ, t^m¬ F¶nh ]cntim[n¡m³ A\paXn \ÂImw. C¯csamcp kmlNcyw Xsâ Imcy¯ntem k`bnse atäsX¦nepw AwK§fpsS Imcy¯ntem DWvSmbn«nÃ. AwK§fpsS t^m¬tImfpIÄ tNmÀ¯p¶Xv AXoh clkykz`mhapÅh BbXn\m shfns¸Sp¯m³ \nÀhmlansö a{´nbpsS \ne]mSv, C¯c¯n KpcpXcamb Btcm]W¯n\p hnt[bcmbhcmWv k`bnse AwK§sf¶p s]mXpP\¯n\v kwibapfhmbn«pWvSv. CXv AwK§fpsSbpw k`bpsSbpw A´Êv \ãs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw ImcWambn«pWvSv. Cu kmlNcy¯n \nbak`bpsS biÊv Im¯pkq£n¨v AwK§fpsS AhImi§Ä kwc£n¡Wsa¶pw Icow ]cmXnbn Bhiys¸«p.
Ignª \nbak`bnse [\m`yÀY\ NÀ¨mthfbn t^m¬tNmÀ¯Â hnjbw Xm³ {i²bn sImWvSph¶t¸mÄ t^m¬ tNmÀ¯m³ B`y´chIp¸v A\paXn \ÂInbn«nsöpw ]cmXn At\zjn¡msa¶pamWv B`y´ca{´n Adnbn¨Xv.
F¶mÂ, Pqsse 23\v k`bn \ÂInb tNmZy¯n\v B`y´ca{´n \ÂInb adp]Sn ap³\ne]mSn\p hncp²ambncp¶p. Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS t^m¬tImfpIÄ tNmÀ¯p¶Xp kw_Ôn¨ hnhc§Ä AXohclkyambXn\m shfns¸Sp¯m\mhnsömWv B`y´ca{´n adp]Sn \ÂInbXv. ap³\ne]mSnÂ\n¶v B`y´ca{´n hyXnNen¡m³ CSbmbXv Ht«sd kwib¯n\v CS\ÂIp¶p. kÀ¡mcn\v C¡mcy¯n Fs´ms¡tbm ad¨phbv¡m\psWvS¶mWp hyàamhp¶sX¶pw Ffacw Icow ]cmXnbn ]dbp¶p.
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