A\p tkmfa³

Iym]vä³ e£van sklvKmÄ hnShm§nbtXmsS C´y³ kzmX{´ykac Ncn{X¯nse Hcp kp{][m\ GSmWv Ncn{X¯nsâ `mKambXv.  a{Zmkv sslt¡mSXnbnse A`n`mjI\mbncp¶ Fkv. kzman\mYsâbpw   ]me¡mSv PnÃbnse Xr¯mebv¡Sp¯v B\¡c hS¡¯v Xdhm«nse AwKamb A½p kzman\mYsâbpw aIfmbn 1914 HtÎm_À 24\v sNss¶bnemWp P\\w. kmaqlnI{]hÀ¯Ibpw kzmX{´ykac tk\m\nbpambncp¶p A½. \nch[n kzmX{´y kac tk\m\nIsf \mSn\p k½m\n¨  ]mc¼cyapÅ hS¡¯v Xdhm«nse AwKsa¶ \nebn sNdp¸w apX Xs¶ e£vanbn cm{ãobm`n\nthiw DSseSp¯ncp¶p. a{Zmkn hnZymÀYnbmbncns¡ C´y³ \mj\ tIm¬{KÊnsâ bphP\ hn`mK¯nsâ kPoh {]hÀ¯Ibmbncp¶p. A¡me¯mWv `KÕnMns\ Xq¡nteänbXv. B càkm£nXzamWv e£van kzman\mYs\ cmPy¯n\p thWvSn t]mcmSm³ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. 1938 a{Zmkv saUn¡Â tImfPnÂ\n¶v Fw._n._n.Fkv t\Snb tijw ssK\t¡mfPnbn Unt¹ma t\Snb Iym]vä³ e£van  XncphÃnt¡\nbnse IkvXqÀ_ KmÔn kÀ¡mÀ Bip]{Xnbn tkh\amcw`n¨p. ]n¶oSv, 1940 knwK¸qcnte¡p t]mb Iym]vä³ e£van t\XmPn kp`mjv N{µ t_mknsâ C´y³ \mj\ BÀanbn AwKambtXmsSbmWv C´y³ kzmX{´y kac¯n iàambn cwKs¯¯nbXv. 


1940 knwK¸qcnse¯nb e£van AhnSs¯ C´y³ eoKn tNÀ¶p kPohambn {]hÀ¯n¨p. A§s\bncns¡bmWv kp`mjv N{µ t_mkv  C´y³ \mj\ BÀan AYhm BkmZv lnµv ^qPv F¶  ssk\y¯n\p cq]w \ÂInbXv. CXn Hcp h\nXmhnMv Øm]n¡Wsa¶v t\XmPn¡v B{KlapWvSmbncp¶p. CXn\mbn At±lw \nch[n {ia§Ä \S¯nbncp¶p. Cu kab¯mWv tUm. e£van kzman\mY³ ssk\y¯n tNcm\pÅ Xsâ Xm¸cyadnbn¨Xv. XpSÀ¶v, Bbnct¯mfw h\nXIfpambn C´y³ \mj\ BÀanbpsS h\nXmhnMv {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨p. Qm³kn dmWn sdPnsaânsâ t\XrXzw tUm. e£van¡mbncp¶p. CXns\¯pSÀ¶mWv AhÀ Iym]vä³ e£van F¶dnbs¸Sm³ XpS§nbXv. ]«mf¨n«bpsS ImTn\yhpw ]cnioe\¯nsâ Xo{hXbpamWv ]n¶oSv Iym]vä³ e£vanbpsS \ne]mSpIsf IÀ¡iam¡nbXnsâ ]n¶nepÅ LSIw. {_n«ojpImÀs¡Xntc t]mcmSp¶Xnsâ `mKambn t\XmPn ]n¶oSv BkmZv lnµv tIm¬{Kkn\p cq]w \ÂIn. Cu a{´nk`bn h\nXmt£a a{´nbmbncp¶p AhÀ. ]n¶oSv cmPys¯ tamNn¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn P¸m³ ssk\yt¯msSm¸w 1944  sF.F³.F _Àabnte¡p \o§n.  {_n«njpImcpsS ssIhiambncp¶ aWn¸qcnse  sambv\mMv F¶ Øe¯v iàamb t]mcm«w \S¯n C´y³ ]XmI DbÀ¯n. F¶mÂ, temI bp²¯n P¸mt\ä Xncn¨Sn sF.F³.Fsb XfÀ¯n. Cw^mente¡v {]thin¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v ssk\y¯n\v dwKqWnte¡p aSt§WvSn h¶p. AhnsS h¨v 1945   {_n«njv ssk\yw Iym]vä³ e£vansb AdÌv sNbvXp. Gsd¡mes¯ PbnÂhmk¯n\p tijw C´ybn Xncns¨¯nb Iym]vä³ e£van¡v hotcmNnXamb kzoIcWamWp e`n¨Xv. 1947 sF.F³.Fbnse kl{]hÀ¯I\mbncp¶ t{]w IpamÀ sklvKmfns\ hnhmlw Ign¨p. hnhmlm\´cw Im¬]qcnse¯nb Iym]vä³ e£van AhnSs¯ ]mhs¸«hÀ¡mbn Bip]{Xn XpS§n BXpctkh\w Bcw`n¨p. ]mhs¸«hcpsS B{ibambn B BXpcmebw hfÀ¶p.  kzmX{´ym\´cw tIm¬{KÊpambn ]ncnª Iym]vä³ e£van I½yqWnÌv Bib§tfmSv ASp¯p. C´ybpsS hm\¼mSnbmb ktcmPn\n \mbnUphnsâ ktlmZcnbmb kplmkn\nbpw `À¯mhv XetÈcn¡mc³ F.kn. \mcmbW³ \¼ymcpamWv Iym]vä³ e£vansb I½yqWnk¯nte¡mIÀjn¨Xv. PÀa\nbn I½yqWnÌvv Bibhpambn _Ôs¸« {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯nh¶ncp¶ ChÀ lnävedpsS {IqcXIsf¯pSÀ¶v \m«n Xncns¨¯nbncp¶p. tIcf¯nse¯nb ChÀ¡p ]mÀ«n{]hÀ¯\§fpambn _Ôs¸«v Hfnhn t]mthWvSn h¶t¸mÄ Iym]väsâ hoSmbncp¶p Hfn¯mhfambXv. CXv ]mÀ«nbpambn IqSpX ASp¸n¨p. 1970 kn.]n.F½n AwKXzsaSp¯ e£van AJnte´ym P\m[n]Xy alnfm Atkmkntbj³ tI{µ I½nänbwKambn. 1971 cmPyk`mwKambn. C´yþ]mIv bp² Ime¯v _w¥mtZinse A`bmÀYnIÄ¡mbn sshZyklmbw \ÂIn. 1984 CµncmKmÔn h[n¡s¸« Ime¯pWvSmb knJv hncp² Iem]¯n\nSbn Im¬]qcn knJpImÀ¡v kwc£Ww \ÂIp¶Xn ap³ssIsbSp¯p.
1984 t`m]m hmXI Zpc´_m[nXÀ¡v Bizmkw \ÂIp¶Xn\mbn Hcp saUn¡Â kwL¯n\p t\XrXzw \ÂInb Iym]vä³ e£van  97mw hbÊn A´cn¡p¶Xphscbpw Im¬]qcnse Xsâ ¢n\n¡n ssI¸pWyapÅ tUmÎdmbn tkh\w A\pjvTn¨p. 2002 cm{ã]Xn Øm\t¯¡v CSXp ]mÀ«nIfpsS Øm\mÀYnbmbn aÂkcn¨v ]cmPbs¸«p. kn.]n.Fw. D¯À{]tZiv kwØm\ I½nänbwKhpw ap³ Im¬]qÀ Fw.]nbpambncp¶ kp`mjnWn Aen, UÂlnbn NmÀt«Uv A¡uWvSâmb A\okv F¶nhcmWp a¡Ä. 
1998 Iym]vä³ e£vansb ]Zvahn`qj¬ \ÂIn cmPyw BZcn¨p. ASnbpd¨ I½yqWnÌmb Iym]vä³ e£van Xsâ A´ym`nemj {]Imcw acWm\´cw I®pIfpw icochpw Im¬]qÀ saUn¡Â tImfPn\p Zm\w sNbvXmWv Xsâ Bib§tfmSv \oXn ]peÀ¯nbXv. 


@  1942: C´y³ \mj\ BÀanbn AwKamhp¶p

@  1943: e£vanbpsS t\XrXz¯n Qm³kn dmWn sdPnsaâv cq]oIcn¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶v Iym]vä³ ]Zhn e`n¡p¶p.

@  1943 HtÎm_À 21: t\XmPn kp`mjv N{µ t_mknsâ t\XrXz¯n BkmZv lnµv kÀ¡mÀ cq]oIcn¡p¶p. Iym]vä³ e£van a{´nk`bn AwKamhp¶p.
@   1944: Iym]vä³ e£vanbS§p¶ sF.F³.F. ssk\yw _Àabnte¡v \o§p¶p. sImSpwIm«n Hfnt¸mcpw BXpctkh\hpw.

@    1945: {_n«njv ssk\yw AdÌv sN¿p¶p.

@   1946: Pbn tamNnXbmbn. C´ybn kzoIcWw.

@   1947: tIW t{]w IpamÀ sklvKmfpambn hnhmlw. XpSÀ¶v, Im¬]qcn BXpctkh\w.

@   1971: C´yþ]mIv bp²Ime¯v _w¥mtZiv A`bmÀYnIÄ¡p sshZyklmbw \ÂIn.

@   1981: AJnte´ym P\m[n]Xy alnfm Atkmkntbj³ sshkv{]knUâv.

@   1998: ]ßhn`qj¬ e`n¨p.