A\p tkmfa³
C´y³ dn]»n¡nsâ Xeh\mWp cm{ã]Xn. cmPy¯nsâ \nba\nÀamWk`, Imcy\nÀhlW hn`mKw, \oXn\ymbkwhn[m\w F¶nhbpsS HutZymKnI Xeh\mWp cm{ã]Xn. aq¶p ssk\nI hn`mK§fpsSbpw A[n]³ IqSnbmb cm{ã]Xn Xs¶bmWp cmPy¯nsâ {]Ya]uc³.
A©phÀj¯nsemcn¡emWp cm{ã]XnXncsªSp¸p \S¡pI. \nehnse cm{ã]XnbpsS Imemh[n Ahkm\n¡p¶ PqssebnemWv ASp¯ cm{ã]Xn¡p thWvSnbpÅ XncsªSp¸v.
cm{ã]XnbpsS tbmKyXIsf¡pdn¨v
C´y³ `cWLS\bpsS 58mw BÀ«n¡nÄ
hyàam¡p¶pWvSv:
1. cm{ã]Xn C´y³ ]uc\mbncn¡Ww.
2. 35 hbÊp ]qÀ¯nbmbncn¡Ww.
3. temIvk`m AwKamhm\pÅ tbmKyXbpWvSmbncn¡Ww.
4. cm{ã]XnØm\mÀYn tI{µ, kwØm\, {]mtZinI kÀ¡mcn tPmensN¿p¶bmfmbncn¡cpXv.
F¶mÂ, \nehnse D]cm{ã]Xn, kwØm\ KhÀWÀamÀ, tI{µa{´namÀ, kwØm\a{´namÀ, apJya{´namÀ, {][m\a{´n F¶nhÀ¡p aÂkcn¡p¶Xn\p hne¡nÃ. C§s\ XncsªSp¡s¸Sp¶hÀ cm{ã]XnØm\w GsäSp¡p¶Xn\p ap¼mbn ]ZhnIÄ Hgnªncn¡Ww.
Hcp CeIväd tImfPmWv cm{ã]Xnsb XncsªSp¡p¶Xv. temIvk`, cmPyk`, kwØm\ \nbak`IÄ F¶nhnS§fnse XncsªSp¡s¸« AwK§fmWv CeIväd tImfPnepÅXv. cm{ã]XnXncsªSp¸n\pÅ hnÚm]\w XncsªSp¸v I½oj³ ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶tXmsSbmWp XncsªSp¸p{]{Inb Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. `cWLS\ A\pimkn¡p¶ tbmKyXIsfÃmapÅ C´y³ ]uc\p XncsªSp¸n aÂkcn¡p¶Xn\mbn \ma\nÀtZi¸{XnI \ÂImw. \ma\nÀtZi¸{XnI kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn Øm\mÀYnsb 50 t]À \ma\nÀtZiw sN¿pIbpw aäv 50 t]À ]n´m§pIbpw thWw. Hmtcm Øm\mÀYnbpw skIyqcnän \nt£]ambn 15000 cq] dnkÀhv _m¦n sI«nhbv¡Ww. BsI thm«pIfpsS Bdnsem¶p e`n¡m¯ Øm\mÀYn¡v sI«nh¨ XpI \ãs¸Spw.
543 temIvk`mwK§Ä, 233 cmPyk`mwK§Ä, kwØm\§fnse Fw.FÂ.FamÀ (4120) F¶n§s\ 4896 AwK§fmWv C¯hWs¯ cm{ã]XnXncsªSp¸n\pÅ CeIväd tImfPnepÅXv. CeIväd tImfPn thm«nsâ aqeyw {][m\amWv. kwØm\§fnse P\kwJybpw Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS F®¯nsâbpw ASnØm\¯n thm«nsâ aqey¯n hyXymkapWvSmhpw. kwØm\s¯ P\kwJysb Bbncw sImWvSv lcn¨p In«p¶ ^es¯ kwØm\s¯ sam¯w Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS F®w sImWvSp lcn¨mWv Hmtcm Fw.FÂ.FbpsSbpw thm«nsâ aqeyw IW¡m¡p¶Xv. kwØm\s¯ Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS sam¯w thm«nsâ aqeys¯ ]mÀesaânsâ Ccp k`Ifnse AwKkwJy sImWvSv lcn¨p In«p¶ ^eambncn¡pw Fw.]namcpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw. tIcf¯nse Hcp Fw.FÂ.FbpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw 152 BWv. AXn\m tIcf¯nÂ\n¶v BsIbpÅ Fw. FÂ. FamcpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw 21,280 BWv. cmPy¯v thm«nsâ aqeyw Gähpw DbÀ¶ kwØm\w D¯À{]tZimWv. Hcp Fw.FÂ.FbpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw 208 BWhnsS. sam¯w thm«nsâ aqeyw 838,24. Gähpw Ipdª \nc¡v kn¡nanemWv. Hcp Fw.FÂ.FbpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw AhnsS shdpw Ggp am{XamWv. A§s\ BsI 224 am{XamWv AhnSs¯ sam¯w Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS thm«nsâ aqeyw.
clky _meäv hgnbmWp thms«Sp¸v \S¡p¶Xv. knwKnÄ {Sm³kvs^d_nÄ thm«v hgnbmWv XncsªSp¸p \S¡p¶Xv. `cWLS\bpsS 55mw BÀ«n¡nÄ A\pkcn¨mWp thms«Sp¸p \S¡pI. Hmtcm thm«dpw hyXykvX F®w thm«pIfmWp sNt¿WvSXv. GsX¦nepw HcmÄ¡p thm«v sN¿p¶Xn\p ]Icw Hmtcm Øm\mÀYn¡pw \ÂIp¶ ap³KW\b\pkcn¨v AhcpsS t]cnsâ t\sc H¶v, cWvSv, aq¶v F¶n§s\ thm«v sN¿p¶p. IqSpX thm«ÀamÀ ap³KW\ \ÂIp¶ Øm\mÀYn cm{ã]Xnbmhpw. F¶mÂ, B Øm\mÀYn¡p sam¯w thm«nsâ ]IpXntbmSv H¶p Iq«nb thm«v (Izm« thm«v) e`n¨ncn¡Ww. C§s\ e`n¨nsæn Gähpw Ipdª ap³KW\ e`n¨bmsf Hgnhm¡n Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw e`n¨ cWvSmw ap³KW\mthm«v BZyw In«nb thm«ns\m¸w tNÀ¡p¶p. Cu coXnbn XncsªSp¸p{]{Inb XpScpIbpw `qcn]£w e`n¡p¶bmsf XncsªSp¡pIbpw sN¿pw.
cm{ã]XnbmWp cmPy¯nsâ ]cam[nImcn. temIvk`bn `qcn]£ ]mÀ«nsb \bn¡p¶ t\Xmhns\ {][m\a{´nbmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xp cm{ã]XnbmWv. ]n¶oSp {][m\a{´nbpsS A`n{]mb {]Imcw a{´namscbpw aäv AwK§sfbpw cm{ã]Xn \nban¡p¶p. No^v PÌnkns\bpw At±l¯nsâ D]tZi{]Imcw aäp PUvPnamscbpw \nbant¡WvSXv cm{ã]XnbmWv. AXpt]mse¯s¶ ]mÀesaânsâ aq¶n cWvSp `mK¯nsâ A\paXntbmsS PUvPnamsc ]pd¯m¡m\pw At±l¯n\p km[n¡pw.
[\_nÃpIÄ \nÀtZin¡m\pÅ A[nImcw cm{ã]Xnbn \n£n]vXamWv. cm{ã]XnbpsS A\paXnbnÃmsX [\_nÃpIÄ ]mÀesasân AhXcn¸n¡nÃ. FÃm A©phÀjt¯¡pw cm{ã]XnbmWv [\ I½ojs\ \nban¡pI. cmPy¯nsâ IWvSn³P³kn ^WvSpIÄ ]n³hen¡sWsa¦n cmjvv{S]XnbpsS A\paXn \nÀ_ÔamWv.
FÃm \bX{´ XÀ¡§fpw IcmdpIfpw cm{ã]XnbpsS taÂt\m«¯nemWp XoÀ¸m¡p¶Xvv. A´mcm{ãXe¯nepÅ {][m\ ]cn]mSnIfnseÃmw cmPys¯ {]Xn\n[oIcn¡p¶Xpw cm{ã]Xnbmbncn¡pw.
cmPy¯nsâ kÀhssk\ym[n]\mWp cm{ã]Xn. bp²hpw kam[m\hpw {]Jym]n¡pI cmjvv{S]XnbpsS A[nImc¯n\p Iogn hcp¶p. {][m\ IcmdpIsfÃmw H¸phbv¡p¶Xp cm{ã]XnbpsS km¶n[y¯nemWv.
`cWLS\bpsS 72mw BÀ«n¡nÄ {]Imcw h[in£ hn[n¡s¸« {]Xn¡p am¸p \ÂIm³ cm{ã]Xn¡vv A[nImcapWvSv. in£ hn[n¡s¸« Ipähmfn Xsâ in£bn Cfhp e`n¡m\mbn cm{ã]Xn¡p ZbmlcPn \ÂIpw. CXp ]cnKWn¡mt\m XÅmt\m DÅ A[nImcw cm{ã]Xn¡pWvSv.
kwØm\§fnse KhÀWÀamÀ, kp{]nwtImSXn No^v PÌnkv, sslt¡mSXn PUvPnamÀ, AtämWn P\dÂ, Iwt{SmfÀ Bâv HmUnäÀ P\dÂ, XncsªSp¸v I½ojWÀ, I½oj³ AwK§Ä, bp.]n.Fkv.kn. AwK§Ä, hnhn[ cmPy§fnse Aw_mkUÀamÀ, ssl¡½ojWÀamÀ F¶nhsc \nban¡p¶Xp cm{ã]XnbpsS NpaXeIfnÂs¸Sp¶p.
A[nImc¯nencn¡p¶ Imebfhn {Inan\ \nba\S]SnIÄ¡p cm{ã]Xn hnt[b\mtIWvS BhiyanÃ. kz´w NpaXeIÄ \nÀhlnt¡WvSXns\¡pdn¨v D¯cw ]dtbWvS Bhiyhpw cm{ã]Xn¡nÃ.
cm{ã]XnbpsS A[nImc§Ä
]mÀesaânsâ Ccp k`Isfbpw hnfn¨p tNÀ¡m\pw ]ncn¨phnSm\papÅ A[nImcw cm{ã]Xnbn \n£n]vXamWv. {][m\ a{´n Xeh\mb a{´nk`bpsS Xocpam\¯n\\pkcn¨mWp cm{ã]Xn C¡mcyw \S¸m¡p¶Xv. XncsªSp¸p Ignª tijapÅ BZy ]mÀesaâvv kt½f\w, FÃm hÀjs¯bpw BZykt½f\§Ä F¶nh Bcw`n¡p¶Xp cm{ã]XnbpsS \b{]Jym]\{]kwKt¯msSbmWv. ]mÀesaâv ]mkm¡p¶ _nÃpIsfÃmw cmjv{S]XnbpsS AwKoImct¯msS am{Xta \nbaamhpIbpÅq. [\_nÃpIÄ, `cWLS\m t`ZKXn _nÃpIÄ F¶nhsbmgn¨v atäXp _nÃpIfpw ]p\x]cnKW\bv¡mbn Xncn¨b¡m³ cm{ã]Xn¡v AhImiapWvSv.
F¶mÂ, C§s\ Xncn¨b¡p¶ _nÃpIÄ amäw hcp¯ntbm AÃmsXtbm cm{ã]Xn¡p hoWvSpw Ab¨m AXn H¸phbv¡m³ cm{ã]Xn \nÀ_ÔnX\mWv. ]mÀesaâv kt½fn¡m¯ Ime¯v ASnb´cambn \nbacq]oIcWw \S¯p¶Xn\mbn HmÀUn\³kpIÄ Cd¡m\pÅ A[nImcw cm{ã]Xn¡mWv. ]mÀesaâv ]mkm¡p¶ \nba¯nsâ AtX iànbpw A[nImchpw Chbv¡pw _m[IamWv. Bdpamks¯ Imemh[n am{XapÅ Chbv¡v ]n¶oSv \nba{]m_eyw Bhiysa¦n ]mÀesaânsâ AwKoImcw IqSntb Xocq.
ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡m\pÅ A[nImcw
ASnb´cmhØ aq¶p Xc¯nepWvSvvv
1. tZiob ASnb´cmhØ
bp²w, cmPy¯n\p ]pd¯p\n¶pÅ `ojWnIÄ, ssk\nI\o¡w F¶nh aqeamWp cmPy¯v ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡p¶Xv. `cWLS\bpsS 352mw hIp¸p {]Imcw a{´nk`bpsS tcJmaqeapÅ A`yÀY\ am\n¨p cm{ã]Xn¡p cmPy¯v ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡mw. ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡s¸«m Hcp amk¯n\Iw AXp ]mÀesaâv AwKoIcn¡Ww. Bdp amkt¯¡mWv ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡mdv. 1962se C´yþssN\ bp²kab¯pw 1975 CµncmKmÔnbpsS Ime¯pw ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¨ncp¶p.
2. kwØm\ ASnb´cmhØ
`cW\nÀhlW¯n kwØm\ `cWIqSw ]cmPbs¸Spt¼mgmWp kwØm\¯v ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡p¶Xv. cm{ã]Xn`cWamWv ChnsS {]Jym]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. cm{ã]Xn¡p thWvSn KhÀWÀamcmWp kwØm\¯p `cWw \nÀhln¡p¶Xv.
3. km¼¯nI ASnb´cmhØ
cmPy¯nsâ km¼¯nIkpc£ {]XnkÔn t\cnSpt¼mgmWp km¼¯nI ASnb´cmhØ {]Jym]n¡pI. Cu kab¯p kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØcpsS i¼fw sh«n¡pdbv¡p¶XpĸsSbpÅ \S]SnIsfSp¡m\pÅ A[nImcw cm{ã]Xn¡pWvSv. CtXmsSm¸w kwØm\kÀ¡mÀ sImWvSph¶ FÃm km¼¯nI_nÃpIfpw cm{ã]XnbpsS taÂt\m«¯n\p hnt[bambncn¡Ww.
Cw]o¨vsaâv
Cw]o¨vsaâv F¶ {]{InbhgnbmWp cm{ã]Xnsb XÂØm\¯p\n¶p \o¡w sN¿p¶Xv. ]mÀesaânsâ Ccpk`IfnÂ\n¶pw Cw]o¨vsaâv Bcw`n¡p¶p. CXn\mbn cm{ã]Xns¡Xncmb Btcm]Ww ]mÀesaânsâ BsI AwK§fpsS \mensem¶v AwK§Ä ]n´pWbv¡Ww. XpSÀ¶v, cm{ã]Xn¡p t\m«okb¡pw. t\m«okb¨v 14 Znhk¯n\Iw C¡mcyw ]mÀesaâv ]cnKW\bnseSp¡pw. ]mÀesaânsâ aq¶n cWvSv AwK§fpw ]n´pW¨m am{Xta Cw]o¨vsNbvXv cm{ã]Xnsb ]pd¯m¡m\mhq. temIvk` C¡mcyw ]mkm¡n¡gnªm ]n¶oSp cmPyk` C¡mcy¯n At\zjWw \S¯pw. F¶mÂ, ]mÀesaân\p ap¼n Xsâ `mKw hmZn¡m³ cm{ã]Xn¡v AhkcapWvSmbncn¡pw. cmPyk`bnepw Cw]o¨vsaâv aq¶n cWvSp `qcn]£¯n\p ]mkmbm cm{ã]Xn Øm\samgnbWw. thsd in£sbm¶pw cm{ã]Xn¡p \ÂInÃ. cm{ã]XnbpsS A`mh¯n At±l¯nsâ NpaXeIÄ \nÀhln¡p¶Xv D]cmjv{S]Xnbmbncn¡pw. CXn\p `cWLS\bpsS 65mw BÀ«n¡nÄ A\paXn \ÂIp¶pWvSv.
