hn.Sn. apkvX^


ASnØm\hnhc§Ä

XeØm\w    : Uma³
P\kwJy    : cWvSpe£¯n A¼Xn\mbncw
HutZymKnI`mj: adm¯n, KpPdm¯n, lnµn
enwKm\p]mXw    : 618þ 1000
km£cX    : 80%

]ecpw IcpXp¶Xp t]mse Uma³þ Znbp Hcp {]tZiaÃ. cWvSpw sNdnb {]tZi§fmWv. ]t£, `cWw Hcp kwhn[m\¯n³ IognemsW¶p am{Xw.

Uma³ Ncn{Xw
KpPdm¯nsâ sX¡v AXnÀ¯ntbmSp tNÀ¶v Ad_n¡Sensâ Xoc{]tZi¯mWv Uma³ ØnXn sN¿p¶Xv.
1523 t]mÀ¨pKokv I¸n¯m³ ssUtKmUnsasem Xsâ bm{Xmat[y A{]Xo£nXambmWv Cu Øe¯nd§nbXv. XpSÀ¶v, Cu {]tZiw t]mÀ¨pKoknsâ IognemhpIbpw sNbvXp. Uma\n At±lw apKfcpsS B{IaWs¯ sNdp¡m³ hensbmcp tIm« ]WnbpIbpw sNbvXp. AXnsâ Ahinã§Ä C¶pw ChnsS ImWmw.
]n¶oSv 1961se bp²¯n t]mÀ¨pKokpImsc Xpc¯n C´y³tk\ Cu {]tZis¯ C´ybpsS `mKam¡n. BZyw tKmhbpsS `mKambncp¶p Uma³. ]n¶oSv 1987 Hcp kzX{´ tI{µ`cW {]tZiambn.

`qanimkv{Xw
t_mws_bnÂ\n¶v 93 In.ao. AIsebmWp Uma³. s]mXpsh \nc¸mÀ¶ `qXew. Uma\nse Gähpw henb ]«Ww \µnam\mWv. ChnsSbmWp {][m\ amÀ¡äpIfpw Bip]{XnIfpw Kh¬saâv Hm^nkpIfpsaÃmw. cWvSmas¯ ]«Ww tam«n Uma³ BWv. CsXmcp ]gb ]«WamWv. ChnsS {][m\ambpw ap¡phcmWp Xmakn¡p¶Xv.
cWvSp sNdp]«W§sfbpw thÀXncn¡p¶Xp Uma³ KwKm\ZnbmWv. Cu \Zn¡p IpdpsI cWvSp ]me§fpWvSv. H¶p ]gbXmWv. AXp ImÂ\S¡mÀ¡pw sNdphWvSnIÄ¡pw IS¶pt]mhm\pÅXmWv. asäm¶v ]pXnbXv. AXmhs«, h³ hml\§fpsS k©mcw Dd¸m¡p¶p.
2004 sNdnb ]mew XIÀ¶v 28 Ip«nIÄ acn¨p. AXn¸ns¶ ]mew ]pXp¡n¸WnXn«nÃ. Cu ]«W§sf X½n _Ôn¸n¡m³ \ZnbneqsS t_m«vbm{Xm kuIcyhpapWvSv.
Uma\n sNdpInS, IpSn hyhkmb§Ä [mcmfapWvSv. Ifn¸m«w, cmkhfw, Cet{ÎmWnIvkv D]IcW§Ä ¹mÌnIv, A¨Snajn XpS§nbhbpsS \nÀamWw Ahbn {][m\s¸«XmWv. Irjnbpw Sqdnkhpw aÂky_Ô\hpamWp aäp hcpam\t{kmXÊpIÄ.

Znbp Ncn{Xw
1535 KpPdm¯v `cWm[nImcn kp¯m³ _lvZqÀjm apKÄ`cWs¯ sNdp¡p¶Xn\p thWvSn, t]mÀ¨pKokpImcpambn Hcp kÔnbnteÀs¸SpIbpw Znbphn AhÀ¡p tIm« ]Wnbm³ k½Xn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£, Xsâ \o¡w BßlXym]camsW¶p Xncn¨dnª kp¯m³ t]mÀ¨pKokpImcpambn \nc´cw s]mcpXn. tXmÂhnbmbncp¶p ^ew.
]n¶oSp kp¯msâ ]n³Kmanbmb JzmPm k^dpw Znbp ssI¡em¡m³ h¶ XpÀ¡nIfpambn tNÀ¶p t]mÀ¨pKokpImtcmSv FXncns«¦nepw hnPbn¡m\mbnÃ. XpSÀ¶v, 400 sImÃw t]mÀ¨pKokpImÀ {]tZiw `cn¨p.

km¼¯nIw
ImTnbmhmUv D]Zzo]nt\mSp tNÀ¶ Hcp sNdpZzo]mWv Znbp. sX¡p`mKw h\taJebmWv. hS¡pw ]Snªmdpw kaXehpw. Uma\nÂ\n¶v 650 In.ao. ZqcapWvSv Znbphnte¡v.
Znbphnse {][m\ hcpam\amÀKw Sqdnkhpw aÂky_Ô\hpw IcIuie\nÀamWhpw hn¸\bpamWv. s\ÂIrjnbpw D¸p\nÀamWhpapWvSnhnsS.

Sqdnkw
Uma\nsebpw Znbphnsebpw hcpam\t{kmXÊn apJy]¦v Sqdnk¯n\pWvSv. Uma\nse ]gb t]mÀ¨pKokv tIm«Ifpw {InkvXy³ ]ÅnIfpw at\mlc ImgvNbmWv. Znbphn tIm«IÄ¡pw ]ÅnIÄ¡pw ]pdsa IcIuiehkvXp¡fpsS {]ZÀi\hpapWvSv.
cWvSp {]tZi¯pw hnt\mZk©mcnIsf BIÀjn¡m³ at\mlcamb IS¯oc§fpWvSv.
kµÀi\¯n\p ]änb Gähpw \à kabw amÀ¨v apX k]vXw_À hscbmWv.