`mcXob Úm\]oT {Skväv C´y³ kmlnXyIrXnIÄ¡p \ÂInhcp¶ al¯mb ]pckvImcamWp Úm\]oTw. AwKoIrX C´y³ `mjIfn \nivNnX ImebfhnepWvSmhp¶ kmlnXy IrXnIfn Gähpw anI¨sX¶p \nÀWbn¡s¸Sp¶ IrXn¡mWv t\ct¯ k½m\w \ÂInh¶Xv. 1944 im´n{]kmZv Pbn\nsâbpw cam Pbn\nsâbpw t\XrXz¯n I¡¯bnemWp Úm\]oTw {Skväv \nehn h¶Xv. 1982 apX k½m\¯n\v cNbnXmhnsâ sam¯w kmlnXykw`mh\IÄ ]cnKWn¡m³ XpS§n. C´ybnse Gähpw al¯mb Cu kmlnXy]pckvImcw t\Snb aebmfnIsf ]cnNbs¸Smw.

Pn. i¦c¡pdp¸v

Ihn{Xb¯n\p tijw aebmfImhycwK¯p anI¨ kw`mh\IÄ \ÂInb IhnbmWp Pn. i¦c¡pdp¸v. FdWmIpfw PnÃbn ImeSn¡Sp¯v \mbt¯mSv F¶ kvYe¯v 1901 Pq¬ aq¶n\p P\n¨p. aebmfw hnZzm³ ]co£ Pbn¨ tijw kvIqf[ym]I\mbn. ]n¶oSv FdWmIpfw almcmPmkv tImfPn aebmfw {]^kÀ, BImihmWn D]tZjvSmhv, tIcf kmlnXy ]cnjXv A[y£³, XneIw ]{Xm[n]À F¶o \neIfnepw tkh\a\pjvTn¨p.  kmlnXyIuXpIw (4 `mK§Ä), kqcyIm´n, \hmXnYn, \nanjw, CXfpIÄ, HmS¡pg XpS§nb Imhykamlmc§fpw kÔy, Ccp«n\pap¼v F¶o \mSI§fpw cmP\µn\n, lcnivN{µ³ F¶o IYIfpw Sn¸p, sslZcmen XpS§nb PohNcn{X§fpw {][m\ IrXnIfn DÄs¸Sp¶p. CfwNpWvSpIÄ, Hme¸o¸n, Imtä hm ISte hm F¶o _meIhnXmkamlmc§fpw Ct±l¯nsâ kw`mh\IfmWv. KtZym]lmcw, PnbpsS KZyteJ\§Ä F¶nh aebmf¯nse Ccp¯wh¶ KZyssien¡pZmlcW§fmWv. Pn.bpsS BßIYbmWv HmÀabpsS Hmf§fnÂ. hnizZÀi\¯n\p tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw (1963) tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw e`n¨p. HmS¡pg F¶ Imhykamlmc¯n\v BZys¯ Úm\]oT k½m\w (1965) e`n¨p. Úm\]oT k½m\ambn e`n¨ XpIbn Hcp `mKwsImWvSv HmS¡pg AhmÀUv F¶ kmlnXy k½m\]²Xn GÀs¸Sp¯n. 1967 tkmhnbäv em³Uv s\lvdp AhmÀUv e`n¨p. tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan s^temjn¸v e`n¨n«pWvSv. ]ß`qj¬ _lpaXn¡pw AÀl\mbn. 1968 cmPyk`bnte¡p t\mant\äv sN¿s¸«p. 1978 s^{_phcn cWvSn\v A´cn¨p.

i¦c³Ip«n Ipªncma³ s]msä¡m«v
i¦c³Ip«n Ipªncma³ s]msä¡m«v F¶mWp icnbmb t]cv. tImgnt¡mSv ]pXnbd s]msä¡m«v ho«n 1913 amÀ¨v 14\p P\n¨p. CâÀaoUnbäv Ignªt¸mtg¡pw Hcp kmlnXyImcs\¶ \nebn At±lw t]scSp¯p Ignªncp¶p. 1936 tImgnt¡mSv \mj\ KpPdm¯n kvIqfn A[ym]I\mbn. B hÀjw Xs¶ BZys¯ IhnXmkamlmcamb {]`mXIm´n {]kn²oIcn¨p. 1939 apws_bnte¡p t]mbn. 1944 hsc AhnsS ]e tPmenIfnepw GÀs¸«p. AXn\nSbn C´y apgph³ Npän¡d§n. 1949 hn]peamb temIk©mcw Bcw`n¨p. BZyIme t\mhepIfmb \mS³t{]aw, aqSp]Sw XpS§nbh a\wIhcp¶ t{]aIYIfmWv. hnjI\yI, Hcp sXcphnsâ IY F¶nhbpw {][m\s¸« IrXnIfnÂs¸Sp¶p. AXncmWn¸mS¯p Pohn¨p acn¨hcpsS IY]dbp¶ Hcp tZi¯nsâ IY BßIYm]camb Hcp cN\bmWv. 1945 \S¯nb IivaoÀ ]cyS\s¯ XpSÀ¶v cNn¨ IivaoÀ F¶ bm{XmhnhcW{KÙt¯msS Ct±lw Hcp k©mckmlnXyImc\mbn Adnbs¸«pXpS§n. Im¸ncnIfpsS \m«nÂ, _menZzo]v, ss\ Ubdn, knwl`qan XpS§n ]Xnt\tgmfw bm{XmhnhcW{KÙ§Ä c¨n¨p. bh\nIbv¡p ]n¶n F¶ IYmkamlmc¯n\pw hnjI\yI F¶ t\mhen\pw a{Zmkv Kh¬saânsâ AhmÀUv e`n¨p. Hcp sXcphnsâ IYbv¡v tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw Hcp tZi¯nsâ IYbv¡v tI{µkmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw Úm\]oT k½m\hpw e`n¨p. Imen¡äv kÀhIemime Un enäv _ncpZw \ÂIn Ct±ls¯ _lpam\n¨p. tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZanbpsS AwKambn 25 hÀjt¯mfw {]hÀ¯n¨p. 1962 apX 67hsc temIvk`mwKambncp¶p. 1982 BKkvXv Bdn\p \ncymX\mbn.

XIgn

A´mcmjv{S {]ikvX\mb aebmf t\mhenkväv. tXm«nbpsS aI³, cWvSnS§gn, sN½o³, GWn¸SnIÄ, A\p`h§Ä ]mfn¨IÄ, IbÀ XpS§nb Ccp]¯©ne[nIw t\mhepIfpw F®qdn¸cw sNdpIYIfpw At±lw cNn¨n«pWvSv. 1912 G{]nÂ17\v XIgn ]Slmcwapdnbn Aco¸pd¯p ho«n P\n¨p. Xncph\´]pcw tem tImfPnÂ\n¶v ¹oUÀjn]v tImgvkv ]qÀ¯nbm¡n, A¼e¸pgbn ¹oUdmbn {]mIväokv XpS§n. shÅs¸m¡¯n F¶ IYbneqsSbmWp IYmIr¯v F¶ \nebn {i²n¡s¸«p XpS§nbXv. km[mcW `mjbpw km[mcW ssienbpw km[mcW¡mcmb IYm]m{X§fpw XIgn¡YIfpsS {]tXyIXIfmWv. XIgn ]ptcmKa\ kmlnXy{]kvYm\¯nsâ {][m\ {]hÀ¯I\mbncp¶p. sN½o³ F¶ t\mhen\p tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw GWn¸SnIÄ¡v 1964se tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw Ibdn\v 1979se kmlnXy{]hÀ¯I klIcWkwLw AhmÀUv, 1983se hbemÀ AhmÀUv F¶nhbpw e`n¨p. sam¯¯nepÅ kmlnXy kw`mh\Isf ASnkvYm\s¸Sp¯n 1984se Úm\]oTw AhmÀUn\v AÀl\mbn. 1985 ]ß`qj¬ _lpaXn \ÂIn BZcn¨p. ]XnX]¦Pw, PohnXw kpµcamWv  ]t£, \pcbpw ]Xbpw, a¡Ä, ASnsbmgp¡pIÄ XpS§nb t\mhepIÄ; Rm³ ]nd¶ \mSv, am©ph«nÂ, aIfpsS aIÄ, sXcsªSp¯ IYIÄ F¶o IYmkamlmc§Ä; Fsâ h¡o PohnXw, Fsâ _meyImew F¶o BßIYIÄ, tXmänà F¶ \mSIw F¶nhbmWp aäp IrXnIÄ. 1999 G{]n 10\v A´cn¨p.

Fw.Sn

]me¡mSp PnÃbnse IqSÃqcn 1933 Pqsse 15\p P\\w. Ipac\ÃqÀ sslkvIqfn {]mYanI hnZym`ymkw. ]me¡mSv hnIvtSmdnb tImfPn \n¶v 1953 _ncpZw. A[ym]I³, ]{Xm[n]À, IYmIr¯v, t\mhenkväv, Xnc¡YmIr¯v, kn\nam kwhn[mbI³ F¶o \neIfn {]ikvX\mbn. \nÀameyw, IShv, Hcp hS¡³ hocKmY, kZbw, ]cnWbw XpS§nb Ne¨n{X§Ä¡p tZiob AhmÀUpw Hmfhpw Xochpw, _Ô\w, Hmt¸mÄ, BcqVw, hfÀ¯parK§Ä, A\p_Ôw, XrjvW, CShgnbnse ]q¨ anWvSm¸q¨, AarXwKab, s]cp´¨³, kpIrXw F¶nhbv¡p kwkvYm\ _lpaXnIfpw e`n¨p. cWvSmaqgw F¶ t\mhen\p hbemÀ AhmÀUpw ap«¯phÀ¡n ^utWvSj³ AhmÀUpw e`n¨p. \mepsI«v, kzÀKw Xpd¡p¶ kabw, tKm]pc\Sbn F¶o IrXnIÄ¡p tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw Imew t\mhen\v tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AhmÀUpw hm\{]kvY¯n\v HmS¡pg AhmÀUpw e`n¨n«pWvSv. 1996 Úm\]oTw ]pckvImc¯n\Àl\mbn. 1996 Pq¬ 22\v Imen¡äv kÀhIemime Un enäv _ncpZw \ÂIn BZcn¨p. amXr`qan ]ocntbmUn¡Âkv ]{Xm[n]cmbncp¶p. tIcf kmlnXy A¡mZan {]knUâmbncp¶p. Xp©³ kvamcI kanXn A[yIvj\mbn {]hÀ¯n¨psImWvSncn¡p¶p. {][m\ IrXnIÄ: aªv, Imew, \mepsI«v, Akpchn¯v, hnem]bm{X, ]mXncmhpw ]IÂshfn¨hpw, Ad_ns¸m¶v, cWvSmaqgw (t\mhepIÄ). Ccp«nsâ Bßmhv, Hmfhpw Xochpw, Ipt«yS¯n, hmcn¡pgn, ]X\w, _Ô\w, kzÀKw Xpd¡p¶ kabw, \nsâ HmÀabv¡v, hm\{]kvYw, Fw.Sn. bpsS sXcsªSp¯ IYIÄ, cIvXw]pcWvS a¬XcnIÄ, shbnepw \nemhpw, IfnhoSv, thZ\bpsS ]q¡Ä, sjÀe¡v (IYIÄ), tKm]pc\Sbn (\mSIw), ImYnIsâ Ie, ImYnIsâ ]Wn¸pc, slanMvth Hcp apJhpc ({]_Ôw), BÄ¡q«¯n X\nsb (bm{XmhnhcWw), Fw.SnbpsS Xnc¡YIÄ, ]©mKv\n, \J£X§Ä, sshimen, s]cp´¨³, Hcp hS¡³ hocKmY, \Kcta \µn, \ngem«w, ]gÈncmPm (Xnc¡YIÄ). Cw¥ojnte¡pw CXc `mjIfnte¡pw IrXnIÄ hnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«n«pWvSv.

H.F³.hn. Ipdp¸v
aebmf¯nse {]ikvX IhnbmWv H.F³.hn. Ipdp¸v (P\\w:27 sabv 1931). Hä¹m¡Â \¼nbmSn¡Â thep¡pdps¸¶mWp ]qÀW\maw. 1982 apX 1987 hsc tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AwKambncp¶p. tIcf IemaÞe¯nsâ sNbÀam³ Øm\hpw hln¨n«pWvSv. kmlnXycwKs¯ kw`mh\IÄ ]cnKWn¨mWv Úm\]oT ]pckvImcw \ÂInbXv.  Xncph\´]pcw bq\nthgvknäntImfPnÂ\n¶v 1948 CâÀaoUnbäv ]mkmb H.F³.hn. sImÃw Fkv.F³. tImfPnÂ\n¶p km¼¯nIimkv{X¯n _ncpZw IcØam¡n. Xncph\´]pcw bq\nthgvknän tImfPnÂ\n¶v 1955 aebmf¯n _ncpZm\´c _ncpZhpw t\Sn. 1957 apX FdWmIpfw almcmPmkv tImfPn A[ym]I\mbn. 1958 apX 25 hÀjw Xncph\´]pcw bq\nthgvknän tImfPnepw tImgnt¡mSv BÀSvkv Bâv kb³kv tImfPnepw XetÈcn Kh. {_®³ tImfPnepw Xncph\´]pcw Kh. hna³kv tImfPnepw aebmfhn`mKw Xeh\mbn tkh\w A\pjvTn¨p. 1986 sabv 31\v HutZymKnI PohnX¯nÂ\n¶p hncan¨n«pw ]n¶oSv Hcp hÀj¡mew tImgnt¡mSp kÀhIemimebn hnknänMv {]^kdmbncp¶p. X¯½ F¶ Ip«nIfpsS ssZzhmcnIbpsS apJy ]{Xm[n]cmWv.
tIcf IemaÞe¯nsâ sNbÀam³, tI{µ kmlnXy A¡mZan AwKw F¶o \neIfnepw {]hÀ¯n¨n«pWvSv. C´y³ t{]m{KÊohv ssdtägvkv tZiob A[y£\mbpw tkh\a\pjvTn¨n«pWvSv. bp.sI., Ing¡³ bqtdm¸v, bptKmÉmhy, tkmhnbäv bq\nb³, Atacn¡, PÀa\n, knwK¸qÀ, amkntUmWnb, KÄ^v  F¶o hntZicmPy§fn kµÀi\w \S¯nbn«pWvSv. 2007 Fgp¯Ñ³ ]pckvImcw e`n¨n«pWvS.v 1998 ]ß{io ]pckvImchpw 2011 ]ßhn`qjWpw At±l¯n\p e`n¨p. `qans¡mcp NcaKoXw, arKb, D¸v, kzbwhcw, ]mtYbw, hfs¸m«pIÄ, Idp¯ ]£nbpsS ]m«v, acp`qan, ss`chsâ XpSn F¶nhbmWv At±l¯nsâ Nne {][m\ IrXnIÄ.