sI. F³. \hmkv Aen
AaoÀ Jp{kphpw AÃmam CJv_mepw hk´w hncnbn¨ DÀZphnsâ XmgvhcIfneqsS, anÀkm AkZpÃm Jm³ Kmen_nsâ CucSnIÄ im´ambn ]XnsªmgpInb Kkensâ Xoc¯neqsS ]WvSv DÀZp `mjmt{]ahpambn Hcp XriqcpImc³ Aeªp\S¶p. B PohnX¯n\nSbn `mcy \ãambn. \m«pImcpw kplr¯p¡fpw AI¶p. a¡fnÂ\n¶pt]mepw HgnªpamtdWvSn h¶p. Fkv.Fw. kÀhsd¶ B IhnbpsS CucSnIÄ D¯tc´y³ {Kma§fn tIcf¯nsâ CuWsamgp¡n. B{Ô{]tZiv kÀ¡mÀ kvIqÄ ]mTy]²Xnbn B hcnIÄ DÄs¸Sp¯n. "\nfm\Zn IukÀ Xkv\oant\¡mÄ hneIpdªXsöpw KwKm\Zn Bephm]pgtb¡mÄ anI¨Xsöpw' kt¦mNsam«panÃmsX At±lw ]mSn. DÀZphns\ am{Xw {]Wbn¨v DÀZphn\p thWvSn am{Xw Pohn¨v HSphn Hcp Kkensâ Ahkm\ CucSnIÄ AenªnÃmXmhp¶Xp t]mse BtcmcpadnbmsX adªpt]mbn B PohnXw.
DÀZp {]WbapWÀ¯nb kw`mjWw
XriqÀ Im«qcnse shfn]d¼n Al½Zv kmln_nsâbpw henbI¯v ^m¯nabpsSbpw aI\mbn 1916 Pq¬ 13\v P\n¨ skbvZv apl½Zv F¶ Fkv.Fw. kÀhÀ DÀZp kmlnXy¯n\v Gsd kw`mh\IÄ \ÂInbn«pWvSv. sNdp¸Ime¯v Hcn¡Â tdmUcnIn \n¡pIbmbncp¶ cWvSv D¯tc´y¡mÀ kwkmcn¡p¶ AXnat\mlcamb `mj {i²bnÂs¸«tXmsSbmWv. B `mj ]Tn¡m\pÅ Xo{hamb B{Klw B ]Xn\mdpImc\n iàambXv. {]mYanI hnZym`ymk¯n\p tijw hym]mchpambn ssakqcneqsSbpÅ bm{XIfnemWv B tamlw kmÀYIambXv. DÀZp ]ÞnXsc tXSn\S¶ At±lw _mw¥qcnse {]ikvX DÀZp ]ÞnX\pw Ihnbpamb aplÆn kn±oJn eJv\hnbpambn ASp¯p. DÀZphn hfsc thKw {]mhoWyw t\Snb skbvZv apl½Zv apimbdIfnse (DÀZp Ihnbc§v) Øncw tIÄhn¡mc\mbncp¶p. tIm«pw sjÀhmWnbpw sXm¸nbpsaÃmw [cn¨ X\n D¯tc´y¡mÀ hmWncp¶ apimbdbn jÀ«pw apWvSpw [cn¨ skbvZv apl½Zv Hcn¡Â Xsâ at\mlcamb DÀZp Imhyhpambn Ibdns¨¶p. kZÊn \nebv¡m¯ IctLmjapbÀ¯nb B {]WbIhnXbmWv skbvZv apl½Zn\v DÀZp ImhytemIt¯¡pÅ hgn Xpd¶Xv. injysâ Ignhp Xncn¨dnª Kpcp aplÆn kn±oJn eJv\hnbmWv skbvZvapl½Zn\v \mbI³ F¶ÀYapÅ "kÀhÀ' F¶ t]cp \ÂInbXv. 1942 26mw hbÊn kÀhÀ a{Zmkv bq\nthgvknänbn \n¶v DÀZphn _ncpZw t\Sn.
{]NmcI\mb Ihn
kÀ k¿nZv Al½ZvJm³ cq]w \ÂInb A©pa³XÀJn DÀZp 1943 tImgnt¡mSv Su¬lmfn DÀZp `mjm kt½f\w kwLSn¸n¨ncp¶p. DÀZp kmlnXycwKs¯ AXnImbÀ \nc¶ thZnbn kzmKXKm\ame]n¨Xv Fkv.Fw. kÀhdmbncp¶p. kzmX{´ykacs¯ hcnIfneqsS Dt¯Pn¸n¨ DÀZphn\v tIcf¯n A{X sa¨s¸« kzoIcWaà e`n¨ncp¶Xv. tIcf¯n hncense®mhp¶ Øm]\§fn am{Xta DÀZp ]Tn¡m³ AhkcapWvSmbncp¶pÅq. CXnÂs¸« ImkÀtImUv Kh. apkvenw sslkvIqfn DÀZp XkvXnI Hgnhm¡m³ \o¡apWvSmbt¸mÄ AXp \ne\nÀ¯m³ kÀhÀ ITn\{iaw \S¯n. 1944 apX 1971 hscbpÅ HutZymKnIPohnX¯n XetÈcn skâv tPmk^vkv sslkvIqÄ, ae¸pdw Kh. tamU sslkvIqÄ F¶nhnS§fnepw kÀhÀ DÀZp A[ym]I\mbn.
]mW¡mSv DÀZp \KÀ
apkvenw eoKv t\Xmhpw a{´nbpambncp¶ at©cnbnse Al½Zv Ipcn¡Ä kÀhdnÂ\n¶mWv DÀZp ]Tn¨Xv. Al½Zv Ipcn¡Ä a{´nbmbncns¡ DÀZphn\v temhÀ, lbÀ ]co£IÄ GÀs¸Sp¯Wsa¶ Hcmhiyhpambn At±ls¯ ImWm³ kÀhÀ Xncph\´]pcs¯¯n. CXv AwKoIcn¨nsæn tIcf¯n DÀZphnsâ a¿n¯v ImtWWvSnhcpsa¶pw At±lw t£m`t¯msS Adnbn¨p. Kpcphpw kplr¯pamb kÀhsd kam[m\n¸n¨v \m«nte¡p aS¡nbb¨ Al½Zv Ipcn¡Ä hnZym`ymk a{´nbmbncp¶ kn.F¨v. apl½Zv tImbbpambn hnjbw kwkmcn¨p. CXnsâbSnØm\¯nemWv DÀZp temhÀ ]co£ \S¯m\pw CXn\mbn Hcp kne_kv I½nän¡v cq]w \ÂIm\pw kÀ¡mÀ Xocpam\n¨Xv.
1971 ae¸pdw Kh. tamU sslkvIqfnÂ\n¶p hncan¨ kÀhÀ ]n¶oSv DÀZp `mjm {]NmcW¯n\pw IhnXsbgp¯n\pw am{Xambn kabw sNehn«p. 1972 ae¸pdw apWvSp]d¼n DÀZp ]T\¯n\p thWvSn DÀZp \Kdn\p cq]w \ÂIn. hoSn\p tNÀ¶pÅ sI«nSambncp¶p CXn\p]tbmKn¨Xv. DÀZp temhÀ lbÀ ]co£IÄ¡v ]cnioe\w \ÂInbncp¶ DÀZp \KdnÂ\n¶v \nch[n hnZymÀYnIÄ A[ym]I tbmKyX t\Sn ]pd¯nd§n. apkvvenw eoKv kwØm\ P\d sk{I«dn sI.]n.F. aPoZv kÀhdpsS t{]mÂkml\¯m am{Xw DÀZp A[ym]I tbmKyXm ]co£ hnPbn¨p. C¯c¯n \nch[n t]À ae¸pd¯pWvSv. ]n¡me¯v injyÀ tNÀ¶v ae¸pdw tImUqcn cq]w \ÂInb DÀZp\KÀ kÀhdn\pÅ \nXykvamcIambn C¶pw \ne\n¡p¶p.
a¡fpsS AºmPn; \m«pImcpsS `mbn
s]mXpcwK¯p am{Xaà \nXyPohnX¯nepw DÀZphns\ ssIhnSm³ kÀhÀ Hcp¡ambncp¶nÃ. ho«n DÀZphn am{XamWv At±lw kwkmcn¨ncp¶sX¶v aI³ Ajvd^v HmÀ¡p¶p. D¸ F¶Xn\p ]Icw AºmPn F¶mbncp¶p hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. \m«pImÀ kvt\lt¯msS `mbnsb¶pw. sNdp¸w apXte a¡tfmSv DÀZp am{Xw kwkmcn¨ kÀhdn\v a¡fpw Cu `mjbnte kwkmcn¡mhq F¶v \nÀ_ÔapWvSmbncp¶p. ho«n hfÀ¯nbncp¶ ]ip, BSv, \mb, tImgn F¶nhtbmSpw DÀZphÃmsX asäm¶pw At±lw ]dªncp¶nÃ. Hcn¡Â kÀhdns\ ImWms\¯nb kvIqÄ amjns\ hfÀ¯p\mb ISn¨p. CXdnª kÀhÀ \mbsb "tacm salvvam³ temKv I`o`n BtbmKmtXm knd^v t`m³Kv t\ssl, ImTvt\Km \lo³' (Fsâ AXnYnIÄ Bcp Xs¶ h¶mepw ISn¡cpXv, Ipc¨m am{Xw aXn) F¶v iImcn¨psh¶pw CXn\p tijw \mb Bscbpw ISn¨n«nsöpw aI³ Ajvd^v ]dbp¶p. kÀhdnsâ acWtijw ZpxJw Xm§m\mhmsX ]«nWnInS¶mbncp¶phs{X \mb N¯Xv.
1977 apX hntZi¯v tPmen sN¿p¶ Ajd^n\v DÀZphnembncp¶p kÀhÀ I¯b¨ncp¶Xv. Xncn¨pÅ I¯pIfpw DÀZphnembncp¶p. DÀZp amXr`mjbmb D¯tc´y¡mc³ apl½Zv kn±oJmbncp¶p ISbpSaس. aebmfnbmb Ajvd^v DÀZphnepÅ I¯p hmbn¡p¶Xp IWvSv BÝcys¸« apl½Zv kn±oJv I¯p hmbn¡m³ tNmZn¨p. "Rm\pw \obpw thdn«v Icªp acn¨psImtWvSbncn¡p¶... XpS§nb I¯nse hcnIfpw ASnbnepÅ Fkv.Fw. kÀhsd¶ H¸pw IWvSv AZv`pXs¸« ISbpSaس At¸mgmWv Xmt\sd BZcn¡p¶ IhnbpsS aI\mWp ISbn tPmen¡mc\mbn \n¡p¶sX¶v Xncn¨dnªXv. hÀj§Ä¡p tijw Dwd \nÀhln¡m³ h¶ kÀhsd t]mbn t\cn¡WvSv BZchdnbn¡pthmfw At±lw kvt\ln¨ncp¶p.
kÀ¡mÀ tPmenbn \n¶p hncan¨ tijw DÀZphnsâ {]NmcW¯n\pthWvSn i¼fw ]ämsXbmWv kÀhÀ ]ebnS§fnepw A[ym]ItPmen sNbvXncp¶Xv. Xncph\´]pc¯p tPmen sN¿p¶Xn\nsS A¶s¯ KhÀWdmbncp¶ kzcq]v kn§v kÀhsd ImWm³ B{Klw {]ISn¸n¨p. ]©m_nbmsW¦nepw KhÀWdpsS amXr`mj DÀZphmbncp¶p. IqSmsX kÀhdpsS Bcm[I\pambncp¶p. cmPv`h\n sN¶ kÀhsd kzoIcn¨mZcn¨ KhÀWÀ At±l¯nsâ IhnX FgpXnhm§pIbpw ]n¶oSv AXp s{^bnw sNbvXp kq£n¡pIbpapWvSmbn.
t]menkv kvtäj³ Ibdnb DÀZpt{]aw
kÀhdnsâ DÀZpt{]aw At±ls¯ ]mIvNmcs\¶p kwibn¡s¸Sp¶Xnte¡pw sImsWvS¯n¨ncp¶p. ae¸pdw apWvSp]d¼nse ctWvS¡tdmfw hcp¶ ]pcbnS¯nse ho«nepÅhÀ DÀZp am{XamWv kwkmcn¡p¶sX¶pw DÀZphnepÅ tdUntbm hmÀ¯IÄ Øncambn tIÄ¡p¶hcmWp ho«pImsc¶pw Btcm t]menkns\ Adnbn¨p. C´y þ]mIv bp²w sImSp¼ncn sImWvS Imeambncp¶p AXv. hnhcadntbWvS Xmakw t]menkv At±ls¯ IÌUnbnseSp¯p. tÌj\nÂh¨pÅ hniZamb tNmZyw sN¿enemWv D¯tc´ybnse DÀZpt{]anIÄ apgph³ BZcn¡p¶, a\pjys\bmWv kwib¯nsâ t]cn ]nSnIqSnbsX¶v t]menkv ta[mhnIÄ Xncn¨dnªXv. am¸p ]dªmWv At±ls¯ t]menkv ho«nte¡p bm{Xbm¡nbXv.
AÀaKms\ tIcfbpw
\hmsb kÀhdpw
\nch[n IhnXIÄ kÀhÀ cNn¨n«psWvS¦nepw cWvSp {KÙ§fmWv At±l¯ntâXmbn ]pd¯ph¶Xv. 1971 {]kn²oIcn¨ AÀaKms\ tIcfbpw 1988 ]pd¯nd¡nb \hmsb kÀhdpamWv Ah. Hcp aebmfn FgpXnb GI k¼qÀW DÀZp IrXnbmbn«mWv AÀaKms\ tIcf hnebncp¯s¸Sp¶Xv. CXneS§nb 49 IhnXIÄ IqSnbpÄs¸Sp¯nbmWv ]n¶oSv \hmsb kÀhÀ {]kn²w sNbvXXv. tIcf¯nse \ZnIÄ kzÀK¯nse AcphnItfmfw at\mlcamsW¶pw s]cp¶mÄ \akvImc¯nse \ncIsf A\pkvacn¸n¡p¶XmWv tIcf¯nse sX§n³tXm¸pIsf¶pw kÀhÀ FgpXn. CuPn]vXnse \thm°m\ \mbI³ k¿nZv JpXp_ns\ \mkÀ `cWIqSw Xq¡nteänbXns\Xntc ^tdmhbpsS ap{ZmhmIyw F¶ IhnXsbgpXnbmWp kÀhÀ {]Xntj[n¨Xv. koXn kmln_ns\bpw Al½Zv Ipcn¡sfbpw Ipdn¨v kÀhsdgpXnb hnem]Imhy§Ä At±l¯n\v AhtcmSpÅ kvt\lw hyàam¡p¶p. ^mdqJv tImfPv, duZ¯p Deqw F¶nhbpsS Øm]I\mb A_pÊ_mlv auehnsbIpdn¨v kÀhsdgpXnb hcnIÄ At±l¯nsâ Ad_n`mjm ss\]pWy¯nsâ IqSn DZmlcWamWv.
AenªnÃmXmb CucSnIÄ
PohnXw t]mse Xs¶ kÀhdnsâ acWhpw hyXykvXambncp¶p. Ahkm\Imeambt¸mÄ GI\mbn acn¡Wsa¶v a¡tfmSp ]dª kÀhÀ X\n¨mbncp¶p ]n¶oSv Pohn¨Xv. hfÀ¯p\mb am{Xambncp¶p Iq«n\pWvSmbncp¶Xv. apWvSp]d¼v DÀZp\Kdnse ho«n IhnXsbgpXnbpw Ir{Xna]q¡fpw Ip¸nIfpw sImWvSv hÀW{]]©w XoÀ¯pw At±lw Imew Ign¨pIq«n. H¶n¨pIgnbm\pw Asæn ho«nte¡p Iq«ns¡mWvSpt]mhm\pw aI³ Ajd^v CSbv¡nsSsb¯nsb¦nepw kÀhÀ hg§nbnÃ. HSphn 1994 BKkvXnse Ahkm\Znhk§fnsem¶n DÀZp\Kdnse ho«n GI\mbn Xs¶ At±lw acn¨p.
D¸bpsS aI³
aebmfw Iq«nhmbn¡m³ ]Tn¡p¶ {]mb¯n Xs¶ DÀZp `mj kzmb¯am¡nbhcmbncp¶p Fkv.Fw. kÀhdnsâ a¡Ä. kÀhdnsâ Cfb aI³ ae¸pdw ssae¸pd¯v Xmakn¡p¶ Ajvd^v ]nXmhnsâ DÀZp]mc¼cyw ssIhnSmsX kq£n¡p¶pWvSv. Pn±bn hm¨pIfpsS sam¯hnXcW Øm]\w \S¯p¶ Ct±lw \nch[n lnµn kn\namKm\§fpw KkepIfpw aebmf¯nte¡p ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv. ]gbImes¯ anI¨ ]m«pIfpsS UnkvIn\p thWvSn FhnsSbpw t]mIm³ X¿mdpÅ Ajvd^nsâ tiJc¯n DÄs¸Sm¯ lnµn kn\namKm\§Ä A]qÀhw. apl½Zv d^nbpw \qÀPlm\pw eXm at¦jv¡dpsaÃmw amkvacnI iÐambn s]bvXnd§p¶ ISepWvSn ]pgtbmcs¯ ho«n Fkv.Fw. kÀhdnsâ aIsâbpw iÐapbcp¶p. "Iym anÂKbm `Kvhm³ Xpw Zn tIm ZpJmsZ AÀam³ s_ \Kvtcw tacn BKv eKm In' F¶ hcnIÄ¡v ("ssZhta, Fsâ a\Êns\ ZpxJn¸n¨n«pw Fsâ taml§fpsS \Kc¯n\v Xo sImfp¯nbn«pw \o F´p t\Sn) F¶v Ajvd^nsâ samgnam-äw.
