]n sI \u^Â
F¬-]-Xp-I-fn jm-_m-\p tI-kp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«p ap-kv-enw XmÂ-¸-cy-¯n-\-\p-Iq-e-am-bn ]mÀ-e-saân {]-tXy-I \n-b-a-\nÀ-am-Ww \-S-¯n-b-Xp-h-gn ap-kv-enw {]o-W-\w \-S-¯n-sb-¶ C-S-Xp-]-£-¯n-sâ-bpw Xo-{h-h-e-Xp-]-£-¯n-sâ-bpw hÀ-Ko-b {]-Nm-c-W-s¯ a-dn-I-S-¡m³ tIm¬-{K-kv t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-¶ cm-Po-hv-Km-Ôn kzo-I-cn-¨ X-{´-am-Wp ar-Zp-ln-µp-Xz k-ao-]-\-sa-¶-Xv. Cu \o-¡w-sIm-WvSv ssl-µ-h-thm-«p-IÄ tIm¬-{K-Ên-\v A-\p-Iq-e-am-¡m³ km-[n-¡p-sa-¶pw ap-kv-enw {]o-W-\-sa-¶ ]-gn-Nm-c-en \n-¶p c-£-s¸-Sm-sa-¶pw cm-Po-hv-Km-Ôn I-W-¡p-Iq-«n. _m-_-cn a-kv-Pn-Zv XÀ-¡-`q-an-bn-se in-em-\ym-k-am-Wv A-Xn-\p I-sWvS-¯n-b amÀ-Kw. 1989 \-hw-_-dn \n-Ý-bn-¨n-cp-¶ tem-Iv-k-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸n-\p ap-¼m-bm-Wp XÀ-¡-{]-tZ-i-¯p in-em-\ym-kw \-S-¯n-b-Xv.
]-t£, A-h-k-cw ap-X-se-Sp-¯-Xp `q-cn-]-£ hÀ-Ko-b-X-bp-sS h-àm-¡-fm-b _n.sP.]n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. _n.sP.]n t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-¶ F sI A-Uzm-\n c-Y-bm-{X kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨p-sIm-WvSv ln-µp-Xz cm-{ão-b-¯n-\v A-[n-Im-c-¯n-te-¡p-Å h-gn F-fp-¸-am-¡n. cm-Py-¯m-I-am-\w hÀ-Ko-b kw-LÀ-jw ]-SÀ-¯n-bm-Wp c-Y-bm-{X Hm-tcm h-gn-bpw ]n-¶n-«-Xv. ]mÀ-e-saân sh-dpw c-WvSv Aw-K-§Ä am-{Xw D-WvSm-bn-cp-¶ _n.sP.]n-¡p h-fÀ-¶p h-ep-Xm-Im-\p-Å A-h-k-c-am-bn-cp-¶p cm-a-P-·-`q-an {]-t£m-`w. \-hw-_-dn \-S-¶ Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸n cm-Po-hv-Km-Ôn-bp-sS I-W-¡p-Iq-«-ep-IÄ sX-än-¨p-sIm-WvSv tIm¬-{K-kv \n-ew-]-cn-im-bn. tIm¬-{K-kv {]-Xn-]-£-¯m-bn. ln-µn-s_Â-än-se tIm-¬-{K-kv B-[n-]-Xyw _n.-sP.]n-¡pw P-\-Xm-Z-fn-\pw h-gn-am-dn-s¡m-Sp-¯p. Z-im-Ð-§-fm-bn tIm¬-{K-Ên-sâ D-d-¨ tIm-«-I-fm-bn-cp-¶ D-¯-tc-´y³ kw-Øm-\-§-fn-epw tIm¬-{K-kv \m-am-h-ti-j-am-bn. \-sÃm-cp i-X-am-\w ]mÀ-e-saâv Aw-K-§-sf-bpw kw-`m-h-\ sN-¿p-¶ D-¯À-{]-tZ-in tIm¬-{K-Ên-\p taÂ-hn-em-kw t]m-epw \-ã-s¸-«p.
_n-lm-dn-epw Øn-Xn hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. A-¶p \-ã-s¸-« P-\-]n-´p-W ]n-¶o-Sv H-cn-¡-epw tIm¬-{K-Ên-\p Xn-cn-¨p-]n-Sn-¡m³ km-[n-¨n-Ã. tIm¬-{K-kv e-£yw-h-¨ `q-cn-]-£ thm-«v-_m-¦v kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-¯n-s\m-¸w t]m-bn. A-tX-k-a-bw, C-¡m-e-a-{X-bpw tIm¬-{K-Ên-\p ]n-¶n D-d-¨p-\n-¶ \yq-\-]-£-am-I-s«, tIm¬-{K-Ên-sâ h-©-\-bn a-Sp-¯p a-äp I-£n-I-sf ]n-´p-W-bv-¡m³ \nÀ-_-Ôn-X-cm-bn. B-Xy-´n-I-am-bn \-ãw tIm¬-{K-Ên-\p-X-s¶. `q-cn-]-£ thm-«v-_m-¦v D-d-¸m-¡m³ tIm¬-{K-kv I-S-sa-Sp-¯-Xv kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-¯n-sâ hÀ-Ko-b A-P-WvS-I-fm-Wv. ]-t£, Kp-W-^-ew e-`n-¨-Xp tIm¬-{K-Ên-\m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã, kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-¯n-\m-bn-cp-¶p.
C-¡-gn-ª s\-¿m-än³-I-c D-]-Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸p-^-ew C-S-Xp-]-£-¯n-\v-þ {]-tXy-In-¨p kn.]n.-F-½n-\p-þ ]-e ]mT-§-fpw \Â-Ip-¶p-WvSv. kn-än-Mv ko-äm-b s\-¿m-än³-I-c \n-e-\nÀ-¯m³ kn.]n.-F-½n-\p km-[n-¨n-Ã. ]mÀ-«n i-àn-tI-{µ-§-fn i-à-am-b A-Sn-sbm-gp-¡p-I-fp-WvSm-bn. B thm-«p-IÄ e-`n-¨-Xm-h-s« `q-cn-]-£ hÀ-Ko-b-X-bp-sS h-àm-¡-fm-b _n.sP.]n-¡pw. H cm-P-tKm-]m-en-\p e-`n-¨ thm-«p-IÄ kn.]n.F-½n-tâ-Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-sW-¶v Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸p-^-ew hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. ap³-Im-e-§-fn tIm¬-{K-kv, eo-Kvv, _n.sP.]n ]mÀ-«n-IÄ X-½n-em-bn-cp-¶p Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸p-[m-c-W; Ip-{]-kn-²-am-b h-S-I-c, t_-¸qÀ tam-U-ep-IÄ. B k-a-b-s¯-Ãmw a-tX-X-c-tN-cn-bp-sS i-à-cm-b h-àm-¡-fm-bm-Wp kn.]n.Fw Cu sh-Ãp-hn-fn-I-sf t\-cn-«-Xv.
A-¡m-c-Ww sIm-WvSp-X-s¶ s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯n-sâ i-à-am-b ]n-´p-W kn.]n.F-½n-\p e-`n-¡p-I-bp-WvSm-bn. D-¯-tc-´y-bn-se hÀ-Ko-b-cm-{ão-bw ]n³-hm-Xn-en-eq-sS tI-c-f-¯n I-S-¶p-h-cm-\p-Å {i-a-s¯ A-Xy-[n-Iw Pm-{K-X-tbm-sS-bm-Wp a-tX-X-c-{]-Xn-_-²-X-bp-Å tI-c-f P-\-X F-Xn-cn-«-Xv. A-Xp-sIm-WvSp-X-s¶ B \o-¡-§-sf-Ãmw Xp-S-§n-tb-S-¯p-X-s¶ A-h-km-\n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. _n.sP.]n-¡p \m-fn-Xp-h-sc \n-b-a-k-` Im-Wm-\m-bn-Ã. A-tX hÀ-Ko-b-tN-cn-bn-te-¡p kn.]n.F-½n-sâ thm-«p-IÄ h³-tXm-Xn tNmÀ-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. _n.sP.]n-¡v A-[n-I-am-bn e-`n-¡p-¶ Hm-tcm thm-«pw C-S-Xp-ap-¶-Wn Øm-\mÀ-Yn-¡p Kp-Ww-sN-¿p-sa-¶ ap³-Im-e hn-e-bn-cp-¯-en-\p hn-cp-²-am-bn _n.sP.]n A-[n-I-am-bn ]n-Sn-¨ thm-«p-IÄ \-ã-ap-WvSm-¡n-b-Xv kn.]n.F-½n-\m-sW-¶p I-W-¡p-IÄ hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. a-tX-X-c cm-jv-{So-b-¯n-\p tZ-io-b-X-e-¯n X-s¶ t\-Xr-Xzw \Â-Ip-¶ H-cp ]mÀ-«n-bn \n-¶p hÀ-Ko-b-kz-`m-h-ap-Å ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS Øm-\mÀ-Yn-¡p thm-«p-IÄ a-dn-ªp-sh-¶-Xp cm-{ão-b \n-co-£-I-cn A-Zv-`p-Xw D-f-hm-¡n. F¬-]-Xp-I-fn tIm¬-{K-kv {i-an-¨p ]-cm-P-b-s¸-« H-cp cm-{ão-b-\o-¡w kn.]n.-Fw tI-c-f-¯n B-hÀ-¯n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
tI-c-f-¯n A-Sp-¯ Im-e-¯v hn-hm-Z-am-b A-©mw-a-{´n hn-j-b-hpw A-Xn kn.]n.Fw F-Sp-¯ \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw C-hn-sS tNÀ-¯p-hm-bn-t¡-WvS-Xp-WvSv. Im-em-Im-e-§-fm-bn C-S-Xp-ap-¶-Wn a-{´n-k-`-bp-sS Io-gn ssl-µ-h k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ {]-Xn-\n-[n-IÄ `q-cn-`m-Kw a-{´n-Øm-\-§-fpw ssI-b-S-¡n-h-cp-¶ ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-em-Wp eo-Kn-\p e-`n-¨ A-©mw-a-{´n-Øm-\w kn.]n.Fw hn-hm-Z-am-¡p-¶-Xv. am-\y-am-b cm-{ão-b hn-aÀ-i-\-t¯-¡m-fp-]-cn, hÀ-Ko-b-\n-dw I-eÀ-¶ hn-aÀ-i-\w D-¶-bn-¡m³ C-S-Xp-]-£-¯n-\p sX-Ãpw a-Sn-bp-WvSm-bn-Ã. eo-Kn-sâ \n-b-a-k-`m {]m-Xn-\n-[y-¯n-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn e-`n-t¡-WvS a-{´n-Øm-\w tI-c-f-¯n-se km-ap-Zm-bn-I k-´p-e-\-s¯ X-In-Sw-a-dn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-bn-cp-¶p kn.]n.Fw {]-N-cn-¸n-¨-Xv. k-am-\ co-Xn-bn-ep-Å {]-Nm-c-Ww X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw \-S-¯n-b-Xv. kn.]n.-Fw Iq-Sn Cu {]-Nm-c-Ww G-sä-Sp-¯-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn kw-L-]-cn-hm-c {]-Nm-c-W-§Ä-¡p kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw F-cn-hpw ]p-fn-bpw Iq-Sn. tI-c-f `-c-Ww H-cp k-ap-Zm-bw ssI-b-S-¡p-¶p F-¶ kw-L-]-cn-hm-c {]-Nm-c-W-§Ä-¡p kn.]n.-F-½n-sâ \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ Kp-Ww-sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. Im-em-Im-e-§-fm-bn tI-c-f-¯n-se cm-Py-k-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸p-I-fn \-S-¡p-¶ G-I-]-£o-b-am-b km-ap-Zm-bn-I B-[n-]-Xyw, \n-b-a-k-`-þ-tem-Iv-k-`m Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸p-I-fn-se km-ap-Zm-bn-I A-k-´p-en-Xm-h-Ø F-¶n-h-sbm-¶pw hn-hm-Z-am-¡m-¯ kn.-]n.F-½m-Wp eo-Kn-sâ a-{´n-k-`m {]m-Xn-\n-[y-¯n-s\-Xn-tc km-ap-Zm-bn-I-¨p-h-tbm-sS {]-Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv.
a-tX-X-c-]mÀ-«n F-¶-Xn-\p-a-¸p-dw kn.]n.Fw tI-c-f-¯n-se G-ä-hpw h-en-b ln-µp-]mÀ-«n F-¶ \n-e-bv-¡v ho-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ {]-h-W-X-bpw hÀ-[n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. ]mÀ-«n-bn-se taÂ-Pm-Xn B-[n-]-Xy-hpw ]mÀ-«n-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-se ssl-µ-h-hÂ-¡-c-W-hp-sam-s¡ C-Xn-\v B-¡w-Iq-«n-tb-¡m-sa-¦n-epw eo-Kpw tI-c-fm tIm¬-{K-Êpw A-S-§p-¶ sF-Iy-ap-¶-Wn-tb-¡mÄ kn.]n.F-½m-Wv B-Xy-´n-I-am-bn X-§-fp-sS XmÂ-¸-cy-§Ä-¡v D-Nn-X-sa-¶ a-t\m-`m-hw kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw X-s¶ {]-I-S-am-¡n-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. a-e-_m-dn eo-Kn-sâ B-[n-]-Xy-¯n-\p X-S-bn-Sm³ kn.]n.F-½n-t\ I-gn-bq F-¶p kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p. A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨p-Å \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw {i-t²-b-am-Wv.
kn.]n.F-½p-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v D-WvSm-hp-¶ kw-LÀ-j-§-fn-epw Cu a-t\m-`m-hw kzm-[o-\n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. a-e-_m-dn kn.-]n.F-½pw kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-hpw X-½n-ep-Å kw-LÀ-jw G-d-¡p-td A-h-km-\n-¨-tXm-sSm-¸w X-s¶ kn.]n.-Fw eo-Kp-am-bpw a-äp a-X-\yq-\-]-£ hn-`m-K-§-fp-am-bp-ap-Å kw-LÀ-j-¯n-sâ ]p-Xn-b t]mÀ-ap-Jw Xp-d-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xp Iq-«n-hm-bn-t¡-WvS-Xp-WvSv. C-hn-sS-sb-Ãmw cm-{ão-b kw-LÀ-j-§Ä hÀ-Ko-b-am-bn h-gn-am-dn-t¸m-hp-¶p. \yq-\-]-£-§-fp-sS a-X-Nn-Ó-§-fpw Øm-]-\-§-fpw hym-]-I-am-bn A-{I-an-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
kw-L-]-cn-hm-cw D-bÀ-¯n-s¡m-WvSp-h-cp-¶ "eu-Pn-lm-Zv' t]m-ep-Å hÀ-Ko-b {]-Nm-c-W-§Ä-¡p `-c-W-X-e-¯n-epw ]mÀ-«n-X-e-¯n-epw ]n-´p-W \Â-I-s¸-Sp-¶p. ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS bp-h-P-\-{]-Øm-\-§Ä t]m-epw C-¯-cw {]-Nm-c-W-§-fp-am-bn kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-¯n-\v H-cp ap-gw ap-t¼ \-S-¡p-¶p. Np-cp-¡-¯nÂ, BÀ.F-kv.F-kv F-¶ kw-L-S-\-bn tN-t¡-dm³ a-\-Ên-Ãm-¯ ssl-µ-h hÀ-Ko-b-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS kp-c-£n-X-am-b C-S-am-bn kn.]n.Fw {I-ta-W am-dn-s¡m-WvSn-cn-¡p-¶p F-¶p \n-co-£n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. a-X-\n-c-t]-£-X-bn hn-iz-kn-¡p-I-bpw A-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨ ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fpw \-b-§-fpw B-kq-{X-Ww sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶ kn.-]n.F-½n-s\ kw-_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw C-¯-cw \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ A-cp-Xm-¯-Xm-Wv. \nÀ-`m-Ky-h-imÂ, Nn-e-t¸mÄ kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-s¯-t¸m-epw \m-Wn-¸n-¡p-¶ hÀ-Ko-b-\o-¡-§Ä kn.]n.Fw \-S-¯p-¶p. hm-kv-X-h-¯n Cu \-b-hy-Xn-bm-\-§-fpw hÀ-Ko-bm-`n-ap-Jy-ap-Å \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fpw B-Xy-´n-I-am-bn kn.]n.F-½n-\-à Kp-Ww-sN-¿p-I, a-dn-¨v, kw-L-]-cn-hm-c-¯n-\m-sW-¶-Xp ]-I t]m-se hy-à-am-Wv.
