^Jvdp±o³ ]´mhqÀ

""hmbn¨m hfcpw hmbn¨nsænepw hfcpw
hmbn¨m hnfbpw hmbn¨nsæn hfbpw''
þ Ipªp®n amjv

Cu IhnX tIÄ¡m¯hcmbn BcpapWvSmhnÃ. hmb\ \ap¡p ]IÀ¶p\ÂIp¶Xv ]pXnb temIs¯¡pdn¨pÅ AdnhpIfmWv.
hmbn¡m³ A£cadnbWw. "A£cw' F¶m "£c'anÃm¯Xv, AYhm \mianÃm¯Xv F¶mWÀYw. Hmtcm `mjbnepw A£camem ]«nIbpWvSv (A£c§fnÃm¯ Npcp¡w Nne `mjIfpapWvSv. C¯cw `mjIÄ FgpXm³ IgnbnÃ. kwkmcn¡m³ am{Xta Ignbq). apkvenwIfpsS thZ{KÙamb JpÀB\n BZyw AhXcn¨ hmIyw Xs¶ "hmbn¡pI' F¶mWv. A£c§fpsS cq]¯n\mWv "en]n' F¶p ]dbp¶Xv. \½fn¶p ImWp¶ en]nIÄ¡p ap¼v Nn{Xen]n, kq{Xen]n, {]XnImßIen]n, `mhaqeIen]n, [z\naqeIen]n, `mh[z\n aqeIen]n F¶n§s\ Bdp cq]¯nepÅ en]nIfpWvSmbncp¶p.
ISemknsâbpw A¨SnbpsSbpw IWvSp]nSn¯t¯msS hmb\bpw hfÀ¶p. BZyIme§fn XmfntbmeIÄ, ]m¸ndkv NpcpfpIÄ, FÃv, ac¯nsâ tXmÂ, ineIÄ F¶nhIfnsegpXnbXmWp hmbn¨ncp¶Xv.
C¶nt¸mÄ hmb\ UnPnä cq]¯nte¡p hscbmbn.  ]e {KÙimeIÄ t]mepw Ct¸mÄ UnPnä cq]¯nte¡p amdn¡gnªp. kabhpw Øehpw e`n¡m³ CXneqsS km[n¡pw. bq\ntImUv kmt¦XnIhnZybpsS klmbt¯msS C¶p aebmfhpw Iw]yq«dn\p hg§pw. aebmf¯nepw Cw¥ojnepapÅ t»mKpIÄ \nch[nbmWv. ]pkvXI§Ä hmbn¡m³ kabtam Xm¸cytam Im«m¯ ]ecpw C¯cw t»mKpIfn hmb\ \S¯p¶pWvSv.

km£cX
C´ybnse km£cXmiXam\w 2001se At]£n¨v 9.21  iXam\w hÀ[n¨v 2011 74.04 iXam\ambn. 2001se km£cX 64.83 iXam\w am{Xambncp¶p. km£cXbn Gähpw ap¶n tIcfw Xs¶bmWv. Gähpw ]n¶nemhs«, _nlmdpw. antkmdmanse skÀ¸n¨v Pnà (98.76 iXam\w)bmWv PnÃmXe¯n km£cXmiXam\w IqSnb PnÃ. a[y{]tZinse AencmPv]qÀ PnÃbmWv Gähpw Ipdª km£cXbpÅ Pnà (37.22).

hmb\bpw ]{X§fpw
hmb\sb C¶p kPohambn \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xv ]{Xam[ya§fmWv. temI¯v Gähpw IqSpX Zn\]{X§Ä ]pd¯nd§p¶Xpw C´ybn¯s¶. Gähpw IqSpX ]{X§fpw B\pImenI§fpw ]pd¯nd§p¶Xv lnµn `mjbnemWv. cWvSmaXmbn Cw¥ojnÂ. Gähpw IqSpX {]kn²oIcW§Ä ]pd¯nd§p¶ kwØm\w D¯À{]tZimWv. cWvSmw Øm\w UÂln¡pw. temIs¯ Gähpw {]NmcapÅ ]{X§Ä P¸m\nemWv. Gähpw IqSpX {]NmcapÅ BZys¯ A©p ]{X§fpw P¸m\n¯s¶. Pm¸\nkv ]{Xamb tbmandn jnw_\mWp temI¯nse Gähpw {]NmcapÅ Zn\]{Xw.

hmb\bpw {KÙimebpw
hmb\ hfÀ¯p¶Xn apJy]¦v {KÙimeIÄ¡mWv. hmb\bpsS Du«p]pcIÄ F¶p thWsa¦n {KÙimeIsf hnfn¡mw. {In.ap. 1304þ1237 Ime¯v CuPn]vXnse Xo_vkn dmwsU cWvSma\mWv BZyambn {KÙime Øm]n¨Xv. C´ybn ]WvSpapXte {KÙimeIÄ DWvSmbncps¶¦nepw ]cnjvIrX cq]¯nepÅ Hcp s]mXp {KÙimebv¡p thWvSnbpÅ {iaw Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSnsâ XpS¡¯nte DWvSmbpÅq.
1924se AJnte´ym tIm¬{Kkv kt½f\¯nsâ `mKambn tZi_Ôp Nn¯cRvP³ Zmknsâ A[y£Xbn Hcp AJnte´ym sse{_dn kt½f\w \S¯pIbpWvSmbn. FÃm kwØm\§fnepw {KÙimem{]Øm\w iàns¸Sp¯pIbmbncp¶p Dt±iyw. C´ybn BZys¯ AJnte´ym sse{_dn kt½f\sa¶v hntijn¸n¡mhp¶ tbmKw \S¶Xv 1918 emtlmdnembncp¶p. bps\kvtImbpsSbpw C´y Kh¬saânsâbpw B`napJy¯n 1951 UÂln ]»nIv sse{_dn Øm]n¨Xv C´ybnse {KÙimem {]Øm\¯nsâ Ncn{X¯n Hcp {][m\ kw`hamWv.

 hmbn¨p hnfbm³
hmb\bv¡p XncsªSp¡p¶ ]pkvXI§Ä \ÃXmbncn¡Ww. AXmWp hmb\sb hnÚm\{]Zam¡pI. kvIqÄ sse{_dn ]camh[n  D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m³ Hmtcmcp¯cpw {i²n¡Ww.
Cþ hmb\ AYhm t»mKv ]cnNbs¸S BhiyamWv. CâÀs\änsâ klmbt¯msS Ip«nIÄ¡v t»mKv, hn¡n]oUnb XpS§nbh ]cnNbs¸Smw.  hmb\bpsS `mKambn Fgp¯pImsc ]cnNbs¸Sm\pw cN\mX{´§Ä kzmb¯am¡m\pw CXp klmbn¡pw. {it²bcmb Fgp¯pImcpambn ]cnNbs¸Sp¶tXmsSm¸w AhcpsS cN\IÄ hmbn¡pIbpw thWw.
B\pImenI {]kn²oIcW§fpw hmbn¡Ww.  imkv{X]pkvXI§Ä {]tXyIw IsWvS¯n hmbn¡Ww. imkv{Xm`napJyw DWvSmhm³ CXv Gsd klmbn¡pw.

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Pq¬ 19 sâ {]tXyIX

F´mWv Pq¬ 19sâ {]tXyIX? tIcf¯nse {KÙimem{]Øm\¯nsâ hfÀ¨bv¡p henb kw`mh\IÄ \ÂInbn«pÅ ]n.F³. ]Wn¡cpsS NcaZn\amWv Pq¬ 19. 1945 þ 77hsc tIcf {KÙimem kwL¯nsâ P\d sk{I«dnbmbncp¶p ]Wn¡À.  {KÙimeIsf {InbmßI]cn]mSnIÄ¡pÅ thZnbm¡n amänbXpw "tIcf A\u]NmcnI hnZym`ymk hnIk\ Iu¬knÂ' Bb "Im³s^Un'\p cq]w sImSp¯Xpw At±lw Xs¶.
1970Ifn 20 km£cXm tI{µ§Ä¡p XpS¡an«Xpw ]Wn¡cmWv. 18 hÀjw At±lw "Im³s^Un"sâ P\d sk{I«dnbmbncp¶p.

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hmbn¨v AkpJw amämw

hmb\bneqsS tcmKw amdpw. F´m Iq«pImÀ¡v AZv`pXw tXm¶p¶ptWvSm? "_n»ntbm sXdm¸n' F¶ coXnbneqsSbmWv ]pkvXIhmb\bneqsS tcmK§Ä amäp¶Xv. ]e AkpJ§fpsSbpw bYmÀY ImcW§Ä am\knIhpw sshImcnIhpamb {]iv\§fmWv. XzIvtcmK§fpw BkvXvabpw apX AÀ_pZw hsc C§s\ DWvSmhmdpWvSv.
\à ]pkvXIw hmbn¡pt¼mÄ \mw FÃmw ad¶v AXn ebn¨ncn¡p¶p. am\knI]ncnapdp¡§Ä AIän a\Ên\v DWÀhpWvSm¡m³ ]pkvXI§Ä¡p Ignbpw. tcmKImcWw IsWvS¯n tcmKnbpsS am\knImhØ ]Tn¨Xn\p tijw AXn\v A\ptbmPyamb ]pkvXIw \ÂIns¡mWvSmWv Cu NnInÂk XpS§p¶Xv. ]pkvXIw \nÀtZin¡pt¼mÄ tcmKnIfpsS Adnhnsâ \nehmca\pkcn¨p amä§Ä hcp¯pw. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ NnInÂkmL«§fn a\Èmkv{XÚt\msSm¸w hnZKv[amb Hcp sset{_dnbsâ klmbhpw _n»ntbm sXdm¸n¡v AXymhiyamWv. am\knImtcmKyw Ipdªhcn hmb\NnInÂk henb amä§Ä DWvSm¡psa¶v imkv{XÚÀ ]dbp¶p.