Hfnw]nIv kv sKbnwkv
A´mcm{ãmXe¯n \S¯s¸Sp¶ Hcp hnhn[bn\ ImbnIaÂkctafbmWv Hfnw]nIvkv AYhm Hfnw]nIvkv sKbnwkv. Hfnw]nIvkns\ ]pcmX\w, B[p\nIw F¶n§s\ Xncn¡mw.
BZy Hfnw]nIvkv
{Koknse ]Ýna ^net¸m³koknse ]pcmX\ Øe§fn H¶mWv Hfnw]nb. {]kvXpX Øe¯mWv Hfnw]nIv aÂkc§Ä Bcw`n¨Xv. XpS¡¯n HäZnhkw sImWvSv Hfnw]nIv aÂkc§Ä Ahkm\n¨ncp¶p. BsI \S¯s¸«ncp¶Xv tÌUnb³ (Stadion) F¶ Hcn\ambncp¶p. kvtäUnb¯n\p s\Sp\osf 186 hmc Hm«w tcJs¸Sp¯s¸« {]Ya {]mNo\ Hfnw]nIvknse "tÌUnb³' C\¯n tPXmhmbXv Feoknse sImtdm_kv Bbncp¶p; Hfnw]nIvkv Ncn{X¯nse {]Ya Nmw]y³. {In.ap. 728 hsc (13mw Hfnw]nIvkv) aÂkcw HäZnhkw sImWvSv Ahkm\n¨ncp¶p. 14mw Hfnw]nIvkn Acssa Hm«hpw 15mat¯Xn cWvSc ssa Hm«hpw 18mat¯Xn s]âmXveWpw DÄs¸Sp¯n.
]«mf¡mÀ¡mbn GÀs¸Sp¯s¸« s]âmXveWn temMvPw]v, Pmhen³ t{Xm, 200 aoäÀ Hm«w, UnkvIkv t{Xm, KpkvXn F¶nhbmbncp¶p C\§Ä. 23mw Hfnw]nIvkn t_mIvknMpw 25 Aizm`ymkhpw DÄs¸Sp¯n. 33mw Hfnw]nIvtkmsS {Sm¡v Bâv ^oÂUv C\§Ä¡v ]qÀWX ssIh¶p.
^oÂUv C\§Ä an¡Xpw s]âmXveWnsâ `mKambn«mWp \S¯nbncp¶Xv. aÂkc§fpsS F®w hÀ[n¨tXmsS Hfnw]nIvknsâ ssZÀLyhpw hÀ[n¨p.
]m³t{Ij³ (Pankration) F¶ t]cn apãnbp²hpw KpkvXnbpw tNÀs¶mcp arKob C\hpw {]mNo\ Hfnw]nIvkn DWvSmbncp¶p. aÂkcn¡p¶Xn HcmÄ ssIbpbÀ¯n tXmÂhn k½Xn¨mte FXncmfn tPXmhmbn {]Jym]n¡s¸SpIbpÅq F¶XmWv CXnsâ {]tXyIX. 24 XhW XpSÀ¨bmbn tÌUnb³ HmSnb kv]mÀ«mbnse emZmkv Hfnw]nIvknse BZys¯ acWm\´c hnPbnbmbn aÂkcw ]qÀ¯oIcn¨ emZmkv ^n\njnMv t]mbnân acn¨phoWp. \nch[n sNdpcmPy§fn A[nhkn¨ncp¶ {Ko¡pImÀ Ft¸mgpw Ieln¨ncp¶p. kam[m\¯nsâ ktµihpw ]c¯n Hfnw]nIvkv Zn\§Ä BKXamhp¶tXmsS bp²§Ä Ahkm\n¨ncp¶p. kam[m\¯nsâ NnÓamb Heohv hr£inJc§fm \nÀanXamb IncoSta´nb {]tXyI ktµihmlIÀ Hfnw]nIvkv ktµiw \mSnsâ \m\m`mK§fn F¯n¡p¶p. "bp²§Ä \nÀ¯Ww, hntZzj§Ä ad¡Ww.
Hfnw]nIvkv kamKXambn'þ A§s\ t]mbn ktµi§Ä. sImbv¯pÂkht¯mS\p_Ôn¨mWv Hfnw]nIvkv aÂkc§fpw \S¯s¸«ncp¶Xv. aÂkc§Ä Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\v Hcp amkw ap¼pXs¶ ImbnIXmc§Ä ]cnioe\¯n\mbn Hfnw]nbbnset¯WvSnbncp¶p. Heohv hr£¯nsâ inJc§Ä sImWvSp \nÀan¨ IncoS§fmbncp¶p tPXm¡Ä¡p \ÂInbncp¶Xv. tIm«nt\mkv (Kotinos) F¶p t]cmb Heohv inJc§fn XoÀ¯ IncoSw NqSnb BZy AXveäv kmbn ¢nkv BWv. {In.ap. 752 \S¶ Ggmw Hfnw]nIvknemWv At±l¯n\v Cu _lpaXn e`n¨Xv.
knbqkv tZhsâ tZhmeb¯n\p kao]w hfÀ¶p\n¶ {]mNo\amsbmcp Heohv hr£¯nsâ inJc§fmbncp¶p CXn\mbn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv.
Hfnw]nIvkv \nÀ¯em¡s¸Sp¶p
FtXym]ykv cmPmhnsâ Imew hsc Hfnw]nIvkv hnLv\w IqSmsX \S¶p. tdma¡mÀ {Kokn B[n]Xyw t\SnbtXmsS Hfnw]nIvknsâ {]m[m\yw {ItaW Ipdªph¶p. {In.ap. 394 N{IhÀ¯n XnsbmtUmjykv H¶ma³ {InkvXpaXw, tdmamkm{amPy¯nsâ Hu-tZymKnIaXambn {]Jym]n¡pIbpw s]bvK³ BNmcm\pjvTm\§Ä \ntcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. s]bvK³ BNmcw F¶ \nebn AtXmsS Hfnw]nIvkpw \nÀ¯em¡s¸«p. ]n¶oSv, 1500 hÀj§Ä¡p tijapWvSmb ]p\ÀP·w hsc Hfnw]nIvkv \S¯s¸«nt«bnÃ. A§s\ {In.ap. 395 HmsS kam[m\¯nsâ ktµiw hnfnt¨mXnbncp¶ ImbnIamam¦w Ahkm\n¨p. XpSÀ¶ph¶ bp²§Ä Hfnw]nbm \Kchpw aÂkcthZnbpw knbqknsâ t£{Xhpw PqUv tZhsâ {]Xnabpw FÃmw XIÀ¯p. {]XnaIÄ Xobn«p \in¸n¨p. Hcp \qämWvSn\p tijapWvSmb `qNe\hpw t¢Unbkv \Znbnse {]fbhpw Ncn{X]camb FÃm tcJIfpw kvamcImhinã§fpw A]lcn¨p.
B[p\nI Hfnw]nIvkv
13 cm{ã§sf {]Xn\n[oIcn¨p sImWvSv 311 ImbnIXmc§Ä {Kokn \S¶ 1896 se {]Ya B[p\nI Hfnw]nIvkn amäpc¨p. {Koknse BX³kn ]m\Xn\nIv tÌUnb¯n 1896 G{]n Bdn\v Xn¦fmgvN {Koknse tPmÀPv cmPmhv B[p\nI Hfnw]nIvkv aÂkc§Ä XpS§nbXmbn {]Jym]n¨p. B[p\nI Hfnw]nIvkn BZyw saU t\SnbXv Atacn¡bpsS sPbnwkv sImtfmWn BWv. tlm]vsÌ]v Bâv Pw]v BWv saU t\Sns¡mSp¯ aÂkc C\w. 12 AXveänIv C\§fn H¼Xn\§fn Atacn¡ {]YaØm\w t\Sn. amc¯¬ Hm«¯n hnPbw ssIhcn¨v kv]ncnU³ eqbnkv {Kokns\ hnPb¯nsâ elcnbnte¡pbÀ¯n. 40 In.ao. Hm«aÂkc¯n ]s¦Sp¯mWv eqbnkv cmPy¯nsâ A`nam\w Im¯Xv. Hfnw]nIvkv aÂkc¯nsâ Ahkm\Zn\¯n tPmÀPv H¶ma³ cmPmhv k½m\Zm\w \nÀhln¨p. H¶pw cWvSpw Øm\¡mÀ¡p am{Xta saUepIÄ DWvSmbncp¶pÅq. H¶mw Øm\¡mc\p shÅnbpw cWvSmw Øm\¡mc\v HmSpamWp \ÂInbncp¶Xv. cWvSp Øm\¡mÀ¡pw kÀ«n^n¡äpw Heohv IncoShpw \ÂIs¸«p. aÂkc§fn ]s¦Sp¯hÀs¡Ãmw kvacW¸X¡§Ä \ÂIn. saU tPXm¡Ä tÌUnb¯n\p Npäpw ]tcUv \S¯n. CXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp¯Xv ]¯mat¯Xpw Ahkm\t¯Xpamb Zn\¯n kv]ncnU³ eqbnkv Bbncp¶p.
DZvLmS\hpw kam]\hpw
Hfnw]nIvkv aÂkc§fpsS XpS¡w at\mlcam¡m³ BXntYbcmPyw At§bäw {ian¡pw. ImcWw, AhcpsS kmt¦XnI sshZKv[yhpw kwLS\mssh`hhpw {]Xn^en¡p¶Xv DZvLmS\¨S§pIfnemWv. aÂkcw Bcw`n¡p¶Xn\p ap¼mbn BXntYbcmPy¯nsâ tZiobKm\w Be]n¡pw. XpSÀ¶v hÀWi_famb amÀ¨v ]mÌv. Hfnw]nIvkns\¯p¶ FÃm cmPy§fpsSbpw AXveäpIÄ CXn ]s¦Sp¡pw. _m³Uvtafw ]Ým¯esamcp¡p¶ amÀ¨v]mÌn Gähpw ap¶n kam[m\¯nsâ \nXy{]XoIamb shfp¯ ]XmI ]mdn\n¡pw. ]XmIbn ]ckv]cw tImÀ¯nW¡nb A©p hfb§Ä ImWmw. \oe, ]¨, aª, Nph¸v, Idp¸v F¶o A©p \nd§fnepÅ hfb§Ä A©p `qJÞ§fpsS {]XoIamWv. hfb§Ä¡p Xmsg {]kcn¸v, D¶Xn, iàn F¶p Ipdn¨ncn¡pw. AXmWv Hfnw]nIvknsâ BZÀihmIyw. IqSpX thK¯nÂ, Dbc¯nÂ, IqSpX Icp¯n (Citius, Fortius, Altius) F¶XmWv Hfnw]nIvknsâ ap{ZmhmIyw. amÀ¨v ]mÌnsâ A´y¯n _mâvtaf¯nsâ Xmf¯ns\m¯v Hfnw]nIkv ]XmI ]Xps¡ Dbcp¶p.
ImWnIfpsS lÀjmch¯ns\m¸w ImXS¸n¡p¶ shSnsbm¨IÄ, apIfnte¡p ]d¶pbcp¶ shÅcn{]mhpIÄ, thZnbn ]pjv] hrãn, Bbnc¡W¡n\p ssaepIÄ XmWvSnb Hfnw]nIv Zo]inJ ssIbnte´nb AXveäv Hcp XhW tÌUnb¯n\p hewh¨Xn\p tijw Ncn{X¯nsâ shfn¨w Im¯ncn¡p¶ Hfnw]nIv tPymXnbpsS kao]¯p sN¶v AXp I¯n¡p¶p. ImbnItafbpsS A´y\nanjw hsc tÌUnb¯n Cu Zo]w AWbmsX \n¡pw.
1928 apX Hfnw]nIv Zo]w D]tbmKn¨phcps¶¦nepw Zo]inJm{]bmWw Bcw`n¨Xv 1936se s_Àen³ Hfnw]nIvknemWv. Hfnw]nbbnÂ\n¶p sImfp¯s¸Sp¶ Zo]inJ G´p¶ BZys¯ AXveäv, B[p\nI Hfnw]nIvknsâ ]nXmhmb _mtc]nbÀ Un sIm_Àt«sâ ihIpSoc¯nse¯n Aįmcbnse Zo]w {]Imin¸n¡p¶p. AXn\p tijw AXveäv Zo]apbÀ¯n sIm_Àt«sâ kvamcI¯n\p ap¼n keyq«v AÀ¸n¡p¶p. Hfnw]nIvkv ]p\cp²cn¨ almt\mSpÅ _lpam\kqNIambn ASp¯Xmbn AwKc£ItcmsSm¯p Zo]inJmhmlI³ Hfnw]nbm {Kma¯nte¡p Xncn¡p¶p. AhnsS\n¶v Hfnw]nIvkv thZnbnte¡pw. DZvLmS\Zn\¯n \n¶Xpt]mse kam]\ Znhkhpw Hfnw]nIvkn ]s¦Sp¯hÀ Zo]¯n\p Npäpw AWn\nc¡p¶p. ]s¦Sp¡p¶ cmPy§fpsSsbÃmw Xmc§Ä CSIeÀ¶v ssItImÀ¡p¶ coXn XpS§nbXv 1952 slÂkn¦nbn BWv. cmPym´c Hfnw]nIvkv I½nänbpsSbpw kwLmSI I½nänbpsSbpw {]knUâpamcpw BXntYb\Kc¯nsâ ]nXmhpw thZnbn \n¡pt¼mÄ {Koknsâ tZiobKm\w Be]n¡p¶p. BXntYbcm{ã¯nsâ ]XmI Dbcp¶p. Ccphi§fnepambn {Koknsâbpw ASp¯ Hfnw]nIvkn\v BXnYyacpfp¶ cm{ã¯nsâbpw tZiob]XmIIÄ Dbcp¶p. ]XmI Dbcp¶ Ahkc¯n BXntYbcm{ã¯nsâ tZiobKm\w ]mSp¶p.
A´mcm{ã Hfnw]nIvkv I½nänbpsS {]knUâv Hfnw]nIvkv Ahkm\n¨Xmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶p. Zo]w AWbp¶p. Hfnw]nIvkv ]XmI Xmgp¶p. A©p ]oc¦nIÄ KÀPn¡p¶p. C\n ASp¯ Hfnw]nIvkv thZnbn ImWmw F¶ ktµiw FgpXn¡mWn¡p¶p.
Ahkm\ambn Hfnw]nIvkv \S¶Xv 2008 _oPnMn h¨mWv. ASp¯ Hfnw]nIvkv 2012 Pqsse 27 \v eWvS\n Act§dm³ t]mhpIbmWv. eWvS³ Hfnw]nIvkv hntij§Ä asämchkc¯n ]¦phbv¡mw.
