\njmZv Fw. _joÀ

Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbmbn ]cnWan¨ncn¡p¶ `q`mK§fn GtIm]nX `cWw \S¸mbXv XncphnXmwIqÀ kwØm\w cq]w {]m]n¨Xp apXemWv. 1729 thWmSv cmPmhmbn Øm\taä A\ngwXncp\mÄ amÀ¯mÞhÀabpsS `cWIme¯mWv thWmSv XncphnXmwIqdmbn hnImkw {]m]n¨Xv. ]n¡me¯p Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbpsS Hcp`mKw hn«psImSp¯mWp I\ymIpamcn Pnà cq]oIcn¡p¶Xv.
thWmSv iàn{]m]n¡p¶Xn\pap¼v Xncph\´]pcw Bbv cmPhwi¯nsâ `cW¯n³ Iognembncp¶p. ]n¶oSv, thWmSnsâ `mKambn. thWmSv ]n¶oSp XncphnXmwIqÀ cmPyambn. XncphnXmwIqdnsâbpw C´ybpsS kzmX{´ym\´capWvSmb XncphnXmwIqÀþ sIm¨n kwØm\¯nsâbpw XeØm\ambncp¶p Xncph\´]pcw. B\µ]pcw, A\´]pcw, Xr¸mZ]pcw F¶o t]cpIfn Xncph\´]pcw ap³Ime§fn Adnbs¸«ncp¶p.
Xncph\´]pcw F¶Xnsâ BZncq]w Xncp B\µ]pcambncp¶p F¶mWp Ncn{Xw. AXns\ ]n´m§p¶ \nch[n ]pcmtcJIfpw DWvSv. ]ß\m`kzmant£{X¯n\Sp¯pÅ an{Xm\µ]pcw t£{Xhpambn _Ôs¸«mWv Cu t]cpWvSmbXv. an{Xm\µ]pcw t£{X¯nÂ\n¶p e`n¨ inemtcJIfn Xncph\´]pc¯n\p Xncp B\µ]pcsa¶mWp tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. Cu t£{X¯n\p ]ß\m`kzmant£{Xt¯¡mÄ ]g¡apWvSv. Xncphm\µ]pcw F¶v aXneIw tcJIfnepw ]cmaÀin¡p¶p.
F¶mÂ, "A\´sâ \mSv' F¶Xn\memWv Xncph\´]pcw F¶ t]cphcm³ ImcWsa¶v B[p\nIIme¯p ]cmaÀin¨phcp¶p. 1991 hsc Xncph\´]pcs¯ HutZymKnIambn "{Snhm³{Uw' F¶p ]cmaÀin¡s¸«ncp¶p. AXn\ptijw, kÀ¡mÀ D¯chp{]Imcw FÃmbnS¯pw "Xncph\´]pcw' F¶pXs¶ D]tbmKn¨p t]mcp¶p.
Xncph\´]pcw \Kc¯nsâ Ing¡v s\Spa§mSv Xmeq¡pw ]Snªmdv Ad_n¡Sepw sX¡v s\¿män³Ic Xmeq¡pw hS¡v Nndbn³Iogv Xmeq¡pamWv. IS¯oc \KcamsW¦nepw sNdpIp¶pIfpw XmgvhcIfpw \ndª {]IrXnat\mlcamb Hcp `q{]tZiamWp Xncph\´]pcw. tIcf¯nsâ aq¶p {][m\ `qanimkv{X taJeIfmb ae\mSv, CS\mSv, Xoc{]tZiw F¶nhbn CS\mSnsâ {]tXyIXIfmWp \Kc¯n\pÅXv. tIm«¬lnÂ, _mÀ«¬lnÂ, I\I¡p¶v, Xpfkoln XpS§nbhbmWv \Kc¯nse {][m\ Ip¶pIÄ. 2192 NXpc{i IntemaoäÀ hnkvXoÀWamWp Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbptSXv. \mep Xmeq¡pIÄ, 116 hntÃPpIÄ. Xncph\´]pcw, s\¿män³Ic, s\Spa§mSv, Bän§Â, hÀ¡e F¶nhbmWp {][m\ ]«W§Ä. 2001se It\jpamcn IW¡p{]Imcw 32,34,356 P\§fmWv Xncph\´]pcw PnÃbn Xmakn¡p¶Xv. CXn 15,69,917 ]pcpj·mcpw 16,64,439 kv{XoIfpw DÄs¸Spw. 92.59 iXam\amWp km£cX.

sk{It«dnbäpw \nbak`bpw
`cW{Ia¯nsâ \hoIcW¯n\v 1811 (sImÃhÀjw 996) dmWn e£vao_mbnbpw tIW a¬tdmbpw tNÀ¶p Nne \qX\]²XnIÄ BhnjvIcn¨p. dh\yp, [\Imcyw, \oXn\ymbw, t]menkv, ssk\yw F¶n§s\ aÀa{][m\§fmb hIp¸pIÄ¡v AhÀ cq]w \ÂIn. {_n«ojn´ybn \nehnencp¶ `cW{Iaw \S¸m¡m\mWv a¬tdm B{Kln¨Xv. lPqÀ, ]»nIv Hm^nkv, ]p¯³ It¨cn F¶o t]cpIfnemWv Kh¬saâv sk{It«dnbäv BZyw Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv.
lPqÀ It¨cnbpsS hnIknXcq]amWv Ct¸mgs¯ Kh. sk{It«dnbäv. Cu aµncamWv XncphnXmwIqdnsâbpw XncpþsIm¨nbpsSbpw Ct¸mÄ tIcf¯nsâbpw `cWkncmtI{µw.
XncphnXmwIqÀ cmPmhmbncp¶ {ioaqew Xncp\mÄ cmahÀa 1885 apX thWmSv `cn¨p. \nba\nÀamWk`bpsS cq]oIcWw At±l¯nsâ Ime¯mbncp¶p. 1888emWv \nba\nÀamW kanXn cq]oIcn¨Xv. F«v AwK§fpWvSmbncp¶ kanXnbn aq¶pt]À A\utZymKnI AwK§fmbncp¶p. 1904 {ioaqew Akw»n F¶ t]cn hnimeamb P\{]mXn\n[yw AhImis¸Smhp¶ k`bmbn¯oÀ¶p.
tIcf¯nsâ XeØm\sa¶ \nebn tIcf \nba\nÀamWk`bpsS BØm\w Xncph\´]pc¯v ØnXnsN¿p¶p. sk{It«dnbäv aµnc¯nembncp¶ \nbak` ]n.Fw.Pnbnse ]pXnb aµnc¯nte¡p amdnbXv 1998 sabv amk¯nemWv. 1998 Pq¬ 30 apX \nbak` kt½fn¡p¶Xp ]pXnb \nbak`maµnc¯nemWv.


]ß\m`kzman t£{Xw
{][m\ SqdnÌv tI{µamWv {io]ß\m`kzmant£{Xw. t£{X¯nt\mSp tNÀ¶ ]ßXoÀ°¡pfhpw IpXncamfnIbpw ta¯³aWnbpamWv k©mcnIfpsS a\w Ihcp¶Xv. aqhmbncw hÀjw ]g¡apÅ t£{X¯n A\´]ß\m`sâ {]XnjvTbmWpÅXv.

tImhfw
Xncph\´]pc¯p \n¶p 18 IntemaoäÀ k©cn¨m IS¯oc kpJhmktI{µamb hngnªs¯¯mw. ISente¡p XÅn\n¡p¶ ]mds¡«pIÄ, \o´en\pw kvIobn§n\pw A\ptbmPyamb BgwIpdª DÄ¡SÂ, shbn \pIcm³ kuIcy{]Zamb aW¸c¸v. ChsbÃmw tImhfs¯ A´mcm{ã hnt\mZk©mctI{µam¡p¶p.
C´y Sqdnkw hnIk\ tImÀ]tdjsâ AtimI _o¨v dntkmÀ«v ChnsSbmWv. tImhfw _o¨nsâ sX¡p`mK¯mbn lÆm _o¨v F¶ t]cn Hcp sNdnb _o¨pWvSv. hntZinIfpsS {][m\ BIÀjWtI{µamWv CXv. ]pcmX\Imew apXÂXs¶ tImhfhpw AXn\Sp¯ hngnªw XpdapJhpw {]kn²amWv.

thfn, B¡pfw _o¨v
at\mlcamb Imb¯oc§fmWp thfn, B¡pfw F¶nh. iwJpapJw _o¨nÂ\n¶v Hcp IntemaoäÀ hS¡p amdnbmWv thfn. hnimeamb Hcp ]mÀ¡pw hninã§fmb in¸§fpw thfnsb s]cpabnse¯n¨p. Hcp t_m«v ¢ºpw ChnsSbpWvSv. t_m«nMn\pÅ kuIcyhpw k©mcnIsf BIÀjn¡p¶p.
B¡pfw "AIzm dntkmÀ«v' hnt\mZk©mcnIsf BIÀjn¡m³ Xncph\´]pcw PnÃm Sqdnkw hIp¸v Bkq{XWw sNbvX ]²Xnbn t_m«v ¢ºn\p ]pdsa Ip«nIfpsS ]mÀ¡pw DÄs¸Sp¶p. Ip«nIfpsS ]mÀ¡pw Aayqkvsaâv ]mÀedpw Imben\p at[y Ir{XnaZzo]pw ^vtfm«nMv sdkvtämdâpw ]£nkvt\lnIsf BIÀjn¡m\pÅ hmIvC³ Ghnbdnbpw {]tXyIXIfmWv.

s\¿mÀ Umw
Xncph\´]pc¯p\n¶v 29 In.ao. hS¡pIng¡mWv s\¿mÀ Umw. ae\ncIfpsS \SphnepÅ XSmIamb s\¿mÀ hntZinIsfbpw Xt±ihmknIsfbpw Hcpt]mse BIÀjn¡p¶ H¶mWv. s\¿mÀUman\p ]Snªmdv Hcp In.ao. amdnbpÅ h\wþh\yarK kwc£WtaJebmbn 1958 {]Jym]n¨p. eb¬ k^mcn ]mÀ¡v, apXe hfÀ¯ptI{µw F¶nhsbÃmw s\¿mÀUmw kµÀin¡p¶hÀ¡p lrZyamb A\p`hambncn¡pw. s\¿mÀ Umanse apXehfÀ¯p tI{µw temI{]ikvX h\yPohn kvt\lnbpw AXnkmlknI\pambncp¶ Ìohv CÀhnsâ kvamcIam¡n amänbn«pWvSv.

AKkvXyIqSw
Xncph\´]pcw \Kc¯nÂ\n¶v 54 In.ao. amdn ]ÝnaL«¯n ØnXnsN¿p¶p. 1854 Hcp \nco£Wime ChnsS Øm]n¨ncp¶p. kap{Z\nc¸nÂ\n¶v 1869 aoäÀ Dbc¯n ØnXnsN¿p¶ AKkvXyIqSw BbpÀthZkky§fm kar²amWv. \qdne[nIw C\w kky§Ä Cu h\¯nepWvSv.

(XpScpw)