{Im-¡nhv: bq-tdm -I-¸n a-c-W-{Kq-s¸-¶p hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ {Kq-¸v _n-bn C-¶p \-S-¡p-¶ h-¼³-am-cp-sS t]m-cm-«-¯n  Hmtcm X-h-W In-co-S-¯n ap-¯-an« tlm-fWvSpw sU³-amÀ¡pw sIm¼p-tImÀ-¡pw. 1988em-Wv tlmf-WvSv X-§-fp-sS I-¶n In-co-S-¯n ap-¯-an-«Xv. F-¶mÂ, sXm-«-Sp-¯ bq-tdm -I-¸n (1992) sU³-amÀ-¡v bptdm Nmw-]y³]-«w A-e-¦-cn¨p.
tSm-«Â ^pSv-t_m-fn-sâ h-àm-¡-sf-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ tlmf-WvSv X-§-fp-sS cWvSmwInco-Sw kz-´-am-¡m³ e-£y-an-«m-Wv C-¯-h-W F-¯p-¶Xv. Z-£n-Wm-{^n-¡-bn \-S-¶ I-gnª tem-I-I-¸nsâ ss^-\-en bq-tdm-]y³ N-mw-]y³-amcm-b kv-s]-bn-\n-\p -ap-¶n ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p Hmd-©v ]-S.
PÀ-a\n, t]mÀ-¨p-K F-¶o i-à-ÀIq-Sn DÄ-s¸« {Kq-¸n-em-b-Xn-\m C-¶p P-b-¯n Ip-d-ª-sXm¶pw U-¨v Sow B-{K-ln-¡p-¶nÃ. ]-cn-t¡ä Un-^âÀ tPm-dn-kv am-änÂ-k³ C-¶v tlmf-WvSv \n-c-bn I-fn-¡m-\n-S-bnÃ. ]n³Xp-Sb-nse R-c-¼n-t\-ä ]-cn-¡m-Wv Xm-c-¯n\p Xn-cn-¨-Sn-bm-bXv. skâÀ _m-¡v hnÂ-{^-WvSv _ua Xn-cn-s¨-¯p¶-Xv tlm-f-WvSn-sâ B-ß-hn-izm-kw hÀ[n-¸n-¡pw. B-gv-k-\ kv-ss{S-¡À tdm-_n³ hm³t]-gvkn, ¢m-kv bm³ l-WvSv-eÀ F-¶n-h-c-S§n-b I-cp-¯pä ap-t¶-ä\n-c-sb-bm-Wv tlmfWvSv tIm-¨v s_À-«v hm³ saÀ-hn-¡v cw-K-¯n-d-¡p-¶Xv. c-WvSp Xm-c-§fpw an-I¨ t^m-an-emsW¶-Xv So-an-sâ {]Xo£ C-c-«n-¸n-¡p-¶p-WvSv. 4þ2þ3þ1 F¶ ssi-en-bn-emWv U-¨v ]-S C-d-§pI.
F-¶mÂ, tlm-f-WvSns\t]m-se¯-s¶ cWvSmw bq-tdm I-¸v In-co-Sw I-c-Ø-am-¡m³ X-s¶-bm-Wv sU³-amÀ-¡pw I-¨-sI-«p-¶Xv. I-gnª tem-I-I-¸n B-ZyaÂ-k-c-¯n tlm-fWvSn-t\mSv 2þ0\p tXm-ä-Xn-\p ]I-cw tNm-Zn-¡m-\p-Å X-¿m-sd-Sp-¸n-em-Wv sU³-amÀ-¡v Sow. Xm-c-§-fpsS ]-cn-¡v A-e-«m-¯Xpw amÀ-s«³ HmÂ-k³ ]-cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶ sU³-amÀ-¡n-\v B-ß-hn-izm-kw hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶p-WvSv. SqÀ-W-saân-se a-c-W-{Kq-¸m-b-Xn-\m P-b-t¯m-sS-bp-Å XpS-¡wX-s¶-bm-Wv sU³-amÀ-¡v kz-]v-\wIm-Wp-¶Xv. i-àcmb tlm-f-WvSn-s\ F-§-s\ ]n-Sn-¨p-sI-«p-sa-¶-Xn-s\ B-{i-bn-¨mhpw A-h-cp-sS ap-t¶m-«p-Å {]-bm-W-hpw.
B-kv-t{X-en-b-s¡-Xn-tc ku-lr-Z-aÂ-k-c-¯n I-fn-¨ A-tX So-an-s\ X-s¶-bm-Wv tlm-f-WvSn-s\-Xn-tc sU³-amÀ-¡v cw-K-¯n-d-¡p-¶Xv. kv-ss{S-¡À \n¢-mkv s_-âv-\-dm-Wv Ah-cp-sS ap-t¶-ä-¯n\p Np-¡m³]n-Sn-¡p-¶Xv A-bm-Iv-kn-sâ an-¶pw-Xm-cam-b {In-kv-äy³ F-dn-Iv-k-\m-Wv Um-\n-jv So-an-sâ Xp-dp-¸p-No«v.
bq-tdm -I-¸n-\p ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn I-fn-¨ G-gp aÂ-k-c-§-fn aq-s¶-®-¯n am-{X-am-Wv tlm-f-WvSn-\v P-bn-¡m-\m-b-Xv. F-¶mÂ, sU³-amÀ-¡n-s\-Xn-tc A-h-km-\-am-bn I-fn-¨-t¸mÄ P-bw tlm-f-WvSn\mbn-cp-¶p. A-tX-k-abw, A-h-km-\w I-fn-¨ F-«p aÂ-k-c-§-fn B-dnepw P-bn-¨m-Wv sU³-amÀ-¡n-sâ h-c-hv. 45 hÀ-jw ap-¼m-Wv U-¨v So-ans\ A-h-km-\-am-bn tXmÂ-¸n-¡m-\mb-Xv F¶-Xv Um-\n-jv So-an\v Xn-cn-¨-Sn-bm-Wv. 1967 bq-tdm -I-¸n-em-Wv A-hÀ A-h-km-\-am-bn tlm-f-WvSn-s\ ho-gv-¯n-bXv.
