{]-^. sI A-c-hn-µm-£³

C-´y³ k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø k-ao-]-Im-e-¯m-bn t\-cn-«p-sIm-WvSn-cn-¡p-¶ {]-iv-\-§-fpw {]-Xn-k-Ôn-I-fpw H-cp cm-{Xn-sIm-WvSv D-WvSm-b-h-b-Ã. {]-iv-\-§Ä Kp-cp-X-c-am-b-tXm-sS \mw B-tKm-f cm-{ão-b, km-¼-¯n-I k-½À-±-§-fp-sS- Iq-«m-b B-{I-a-W-¯n-\p hn-t[-b-am-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Øn-Xn-K-Xn-IÄ \n-b-{´-Ww hn-«p-t]m-hm-Xn-cn-¡m³ H-cp ]-cn-[n-h-sc I-gn-bp-¶ dn-kÀ-hv _m-¦v Hm-^v C-´y-bm-sW-¦nÂ, ]-en-i-\n-c-¡p-I-fn Iq-S-¡q-sS am-ä-§Ä h-cp-¯p-¶p F-¶-Xn-e-¸p-dw a-säm-¶pw sN-¿m-\m-hm-sX \n-Ê-lm-bm-h-Ø-bn Xp-S-cp-I-bp-am-Wv. [-\-Im-cy G-Io-I-c-W-¯n-sâ A-\n-hm-cy-X km-¼-¯n-I-`-c-W-¯n-sâ Np-¡m³-]n-Sn-¡p-¶ [-\-a-{´m-e-b-s¯ ]-e-t¸m-gm-bn t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {i-an-¨p-h-cp-¶p-sWvS-¶-Xv t\-cm-Wv. F-¶mÂ, _-Ô-s¸-«-h-scm-¶pw Im-e-¯n-sâ Np-h-sc-gp-¯p Im-Wm³ Iq-«m-¡p-¶p-an-Ã. cq-]-bp-sS aq-eyw tUm-f-dp-am-bp-Å hn-\n-a-b-¯n A-Sn-¡-Sn Xm-tgm-«p-t]m-hp-¶-Xn-sâ Kp-cp-X-c-am-b {]-Xym-Lm-Xw {I-ta-W A-[n-Im-c-Øm-\-¯p-Å-hÀ-¡p ssh-In-bm-sW-¦n-epw t_m-[y-am-bn-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. G-sd {]-Xo-£-I-fp-bÀ-¯n-bn-cp-¶ C-´y-bp-sS hn-tZ-i-hn-\n-a-b ti-J-c-hpw I-\-¯-tXm-Xn C-Sn-bm³ Xp-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. 2012 sa-bv aq-¶mw-hm-c-¯n Cu ti-J-c-¯n-ep-WvSm-b C-Sn-hv 1.37 _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dm-b-tXm-sS {]-iv-\w Kp-cp-X-c-am-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xn-\p sXm-«p-ap-¼p-Å hm-c-¯n-ep-WvSm-b C-Sn-hm-sW-¦n 2.19 _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dp-am-bn-cp-¶p. C-´y³ cq-]-bp-sS aq-ey-¯n-ep-WvSm-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-b \-ã-¯n-sâ ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n hn-\n-a-b-ti-J-c tNmÀ-¨ Ku-c-h-t¯m-sS-b-Ãm-sX ho-£n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. BÀ._n.sF-¡m-sW-¦n H-cp ]-cn-[n-¡-¸p-dw Cu hn-j-b-¯n bm-sXm-¶pw sN-¿m-\pw I-gn-bn-Ã. cq-]-bp-sS aq-ey-¯-IÀ-¨-bv-¡p X-S-bn-Sm³ BÀ._n. sF hn-]-Wn C-S-s]-S \-S-¯n-b-t¸m-sg-Ãmw hn-tZ-i- hn-\n-a-b-ti-J-c tNmÀ-¨-bpw C-S-X-S-hn-Ãm-sX \-S-¶p-h-¶n-«p-ap-WvSv. h-cp-¶ H-cp hÀ-j-¡m-e-b-f-hn 137 _n-ey¬ tUm-fÀ h-cp-¶ hn-tZ-i I-S-_m-[y-X \-ap-¡p sIm-Sp-¯p-XoÀ-t¡-WvS-Xm-bp-sWvS-¶-Xpw {i-t²-b-am-Wv. A-tX-k-a-bw, C-´y³ I-d³-kn-bp-sS aq-ey-¯n C-tX Im-e-b-f-hn-ep-WvSm-bn-cn-¡p-¶ C-Sn-hv 20 i-X-am-\-t¯m-f-hp-am-Wv. 1990I-fp-sS Xp-S-¡-¯n kzÀ-Ww hn-äv I-Sw XoÀ-t¡-WvSn-h-¶ Im-cyw Cu A-h-k-c-¯n HmÀ-¯p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv. F-¶mÂ, C-´y-bp-sS C-¶-s¯ km-¼-¯n-I-ti-jn A-¶-t¯-Xn-s\ A-t]-£n-¨v G-sd sa-¨-s¸-«n-«p-sWvS-¶ bm-YmÀ-Yyw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ- X-s¶, A-an-X-am-b B-ß-hn-izm-k-¯n-\v C-S-an-sÃ-¶pw I-cp-tX-WvSn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. A-tX-k-a-bw, BÀ._n. sF Cu-bn-sS ]p-d-¯p-hn-« ]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp-²-am-b c-WvSp hn-h-c-§Ä AÂ-¸w {]-Xo-£-bv-¡p h-I-\Â-Ip-¶p-ap-WvSv. F-^v.Un. sF 34 i-X-am-\w hÀ-[-\ tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-t¸mÄ hn-tZ-i-\n-t£-] Øm-]-\-§-Ä h-gn-bp-Å aq-e-[-\-¯n-sâ h-c-hv 43 i-X-am-\w I-WvSv C-Sn-hm-Wv tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu c-WvSn-\-§-fn-em-bn 2011þ12 \-S-¶ \n-t£-]w b-Ym-{I-aw 46.8 _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dpw 16 _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dp-am-bn-cp-¶p. C-Xn-sâ AÀ-Yw, H-cp ZoÀ-L-Im-e \n-t£-]-tI-{µ-sa-¶ \n-e-bn C-´y C-¶pw X-e-bp-bÀ-¯n-\nÂ-¡p-¶p F-¶m-Wv. 

A-tX-b-h-k-c-¯n X-s¶ [-\-¡-½n Ip-d-bv-¡m-\m-h-iy-am-b \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw I-dâv A-¡u-WvSv I-½n \n-b-{´-W-hn-t[-b-am-¡m-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw kzo-I-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv C-´y³ k-¼-Zv-hy-h-Ø-bp-sS {]-Xn-Ñm-b-¡v tIm-«w-h-cp-¯n-bn-«p-sWvS-¶p hy-à-am-Wv. [-\-¡-½n Pn.Un.]n-bp-sS 5.1 i-X-am-\-hpw I-dâv A-¡u-WvSv I-½n 4.3 i-X-am-\-hp-am-bn Xp-S-cp-¶-Xv B-]-¯m-Wv. C-d-¡p-a-Xn-bn-\-§-fp-sS Iq-«-¯n F-®-bp-tS-Xv H-gn-hm-¡m-\m-hn-sÃ-¦n-epw kzÀ-W-¯n-tâ-Xv IÀ-i-\-am-bn \n-b-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn sX-än-Ã. cq-]-bp-sS hn-\n-a-b-aq-ey-¯n Xp-SÀ-¨-bm-bn D-WvSm-hp-¶ C-Sn-hv G-Xp-hn-t[-\-bpw X-S-bp-I X-s¶ th-Ww. C-Xn-s\-Ãmw A-h-iyw th-WvS-Xpw bp.]n.F `-c-W-Iq-S-¯n-\v C-Ãm-¯-Xpw \n-Ý-b-ZmÀ-Vy-am-Wv.