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a\pjyhÀKw t\cn« Gähpw henb `ojWnIfnsem¶mWp hkqcnsb¶ almamcn. 30,000 hÀjw ap¼mWp hkqcn BZyw s]m«n¸pds¸«sX¶p IcpXp¶p. sshcntbmf taPÀ, sshcntbmf ssa\À F¶o sshdkpIfpsS hIt`Z§fmWv Cu tcmK¯n\p tlXp. H«I¯nÂ\n¶p ]IÀ¶ tcmKamWnsX¶pw Nne hnZKv[À IcpXp¶p. hkqcn _m[n¨hcn 30 iXam\w BfpIÄ acn¡pIbmbncp¶p. Cw¥WvSnse tacn cWvSmw cmÚn, Bkvt{Xenbbnse tPmk^v H¶ma³ N{IhÀ¯n, ks]bn\nse eqbnkv H¶ma³, djybnse kÀ ]oäÀ cWvSma³, {^m³knse eqbn ]Xn\©ma³ F¶n§s\ \nch[n N{IhÀ¯namcpw cmÚnamcpw hkqcn _m[n¨p acn¨n«pWvSv. 20mw \qämWvSn GItZiw 3050 tImSn BfpIÄ hkqcn aqew acns¨¶mWp IW¡v. F¶mÂ, Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSnsâ cWvSmw ]IpXnbn hkqcnsb `qapJ¯p\n¶p XpS¨p\o¡m³ \ap¡mbn. 1980 sabv Bdn\p temIw hkqcnapàambXmbn temImtcmKy kwLS\ {]Jym]n¨p. 1977 HtÎm_dn tkmamenbbnse Hcp {Kma¯n Aenamthm amen³ F¶bmÄ¡mWv Ahkm\ambn hkqcn _m[n¨Xv. AtXkabw ssPhbp²¯nsâ `mKambn hkqcn hoWvSpw {]Xy£s¸t«¡msa¶ `oXn C¶pw iàamWv.
temImtcmKykwLS\bpsS 2001se IW¡p{]Imcw {]XnhÀjw cWvSpe£w t]sc _m[n¡p¶ Cu almamcn aqew 30,000 t]À acn¡p¶p. \qämWvSpIfmbn a\pjys\ th«bmSp¶ Cu sshdkv tcmKw C¶pw sXt¡ Atacn¡³ cmPy§fnepw B{^n¡bnepw `ojWn DbÀ¯p¶p. ^vfnhnsshdntU sshdkmWp tcmKtlXp. cà{kmhamWp acWImcWw. B{^n¡³ Ipc§pIfnÂ\n¶p sImXpIpIÄ hgnbmWv Cu tcmKw a\pjys\ _m[n¨sX¶p IcpXp¶p. sh\ntkze t]mepÅ cmPy§fn Ipc§pIÄ Iq«t¯msS Nmhp¶Xp IWvSm aª¸\n _m[ t]Sn¨v AhnSs¯ BtcmKya{´mebw B {]tZis¯ P\§Ä¡p {]Xntcm[Ip¯nhbv]p \S¯mdpWvSv.
1340Ifn bqtdm¸n e£§sf sIms¶mSp¡nb "Idp¯acW'¯n\p ImcWamb tcmKamWp _qt_mWnIv t¹Kv. CXphsc 20 tImSnbne[nIw t]À t¹Kpaqew acWs¸«n«psWvS¶p IcpXp¶p. sbÀkn\nb s]Ìnkv F¶ _mÎocnbbmWp tcmKImcn. Bdmw \qämWvSn ss_kmânb³ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ime¯mWv Cu tcmKw BZyambn {]Xy£s¸«Xv. Fens¨ÅpIfmWp tcmKhmlnIÄ. FenIÄ AImcWambn Ns¯mSp§p¶Xp t¹Knsâ hchmbn IW¡m¡p¶p. 1992 {_koÂ, ssN\ XpS§n H¼Xp cmPy§fn Häs¸« t¹Kv _m[ dnt]mÀ«v sNbvXn«pWvSv. GähpsamSphn C´ybnse kqd¯n 1994 k]vXw_dnemWp t¹Kv _m[ dnt]mÀ«v sNbvXXv. 50 t]À acn¡pIbpw Bbnc§Ä kqd¯nÂ\n¶p ]emb\w sN¿pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p.
1918þ19 Ime¯v temIP\kwJybpsS 40 iXam\w t]sc _m[n¨ tcmKamWnXv. CXp _m[n¨v 500 e£w BfpIÄ acn¨p. ]¶nIfn P\nXIhyXnbm\w kw`hn¨ ^vfqsshdkv a\pjycnte¡p ]IÀ¶mWv Cu tcmKw DWvSmbXv. H¶mw temIbp²Ime¯v (1918þ19) Atacn¡bnse Im³_mknemWp tcmKw BZyambpWvSmbXv. A¶v temI P\kwJybpsS 40 iXam\w t]sc CXp _m[n¨ncp¶p. bqtdm¸nse¯nb Atacn¡³ ssk\nIcneqsSbmWp sshdkv temIamsI ]SÀ¶Xv. acn¨Xntesdbpw ssk\nIcmb sNdp¸¡mcmbncp¶p. C¶p ImWp¶ ]¶n¸\n¡p kv]m\njv ^vfqhpambn kmayapsWvS¶p hnZKv[À ]dbp¶p.
Ggp e£w t]cpsS acW¯n\nSbm¡nb tcmKamWp tlmt¦mMv ^vfq. 1968þ69 ImeL«¯nemWv Cu sshdkv BZyambn a\pjy\n IsWvS¯p¶Xv. kv]m\njv^vfqhn\p sNdp¸¡mtcmSmWp Xm¸cysa¦n tlmt¦mMv ^vfq t\sc Xncn¨mWv. 65 hbÊn\pta {]mbapÅhscbmWv Cu sshdkv amcIambn _m[n¨Xv. tlmt¦mMnemWp sshdkv BZyambn IWvSXv. AXmWv tlmt¦mMv ^vfqsh¶ t]cp hcm³ ImcWw. temImtcmKy kwLS\ Cu ]IÀ¨hym[nsb almamcnbmbn {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv.
1957þ58 Ime¯mWv Gjy³^vfq BZyambn a\pjys\ _m[n¡p¶Xv. Cu ]IÀ¨¸\n _m[n¨p temIamsI ]¯pe£w t]À acn¨n«pWvSv. sX¡³ ssN\bnse XmdmhpIfn h³ {]XymLmX§sfm¶panÃmsX IWvSph¶ncp¶ sshdkv ]¶nIfpsS icoc¯n IS¶p. AhnsSh¨v P\nXIhyXnbm\w kw`hn¨v a\pjycnte¡p ]IcpIbmbncp¶p. tlmt¦mMv ^vfq t]mse {]mbtadnbhscbmWv Gjy³^vfq IqSpXembn _m[n¨Xv. tcmKw _m[n¨hcn `qcn]£hpw acW¯n\p IogS§n.
CuUnkv sImXpIpIÄ hgn ]Icp¶ Nn¡p³Kp\nb DSseSp¯Xv B{^n¡bnemWv. {]mWnIfn ImWs¸Sp¶ BÂ^m sshdkv hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶ sshdkmWnXv. kzmlnen `mjbnÂ\n¶mWp Nn¡p³Kp\nb F¶ hm¡nsâ DZv`hw F¶p hmZapWvSv. F¶mÂ, atIm³sU `mjbn "hfªp\n¡pI'sb¶mWv CXnsâbÀYw. tcmKw _m[n¨hÀ kÔnthZ\aqew hfªncn¡p¶p F¶XmWv t]cnsâ ]n¶nse IY. amcntbm¬ tdm_n³k¬, U_vfyp. F¨v. BÀ. eqwkv sU³ F¶o tUmÎÀamcpsS kwLamWv Cu tcmKs¯¡pdn¨v BZyambn hniZoIcn¡pIbpw ]T\w \S¯pIbpw sNbvXXv. 1952 Sm³km\nb, samkmw_nIv AXnÀ¯nIfn s]m«n¸pds¸« Cu tcmKw ImemhØmamäw aqeamWp ]pXnb Øe§fnte¡p hym]n¡p¶sX¶mWp hnZKv[cpsS A`n{]mbw. Ignª Ipd¨p hÀj¯n\nsS sX¡³tIcf¯nepw Xangv\m«nepw Cu tcmKw Bbnc§sf _m[n¨ncp¶p.
1997emWp ]£n¸\n BZyambn a\pjy\n dnt]mÀ«v sN¿s¸«sX¶p IcpXp¶p. ]£nIfnÂ\n¶v Hcp tcmKw a\pjys\ _m[n¡p¶Xv BZyambmWv. ]¶n¸\n, Gjy³^vfq XpS§nbhbv¡p tlXphmb C³^vfph³k F sshdknsâ hIt`ZamWp ]£n¸\n¡p ImcWw. a\pjycnÂ\n¶p a\pjy\nte¡v Cu tcmKw ]SÀ¶Xmbn CXphsc dnt]mÀ«v sN¿s¸«n«nÃ. 257 t]cmWp temI¯msI tcmKw _m[n¨p acn¨Xv. Gjy³ cmPy§fnemWv Cu sshdknsâ B{IaWw hym]Iambn ImWs¸«n«pÅXv. Cu hÀjw hSt¡ C´y³ kwØm\§fn ]£n¸\n dnt]mÀ«v sN¿pIbpWvSmbn. kÀ¡mÀ \nb{´W¯nepÅ t]mÄ{Sn ^manembncp¶p CXv. tcmKs¯ `b¶v hnhn[ cmPy§Ä e£¡W¡n\p tImgnIsfbpw XmdmhpIsfbpamWp sIms¶mSp¡nbXv.
atekybnse \n]mbn 1999 {]Xy£s¸« tcmKamWnXv. hÆmepIfmWp tcmKmWphmlIÀ. aäp tcmK§fnse¶ t]mse hÆmepIfnÂ\n¶v Ch ]¶nIfnse¯nt¨cpIbpw P\nXIamäw kw`hn¨v amcItcmKambn a\pjy\nte¡p hym]n¡pIbpambncp¶p. 1994 Bkvt{Xenbbn ImWs¸« sl³{Sm sshdkv _m[bpambn Cu tcmK¯n\p kmayapsWvS¶p hnZKv[À ]dbp¶p. ]mcssaIv tkmhnctU IpSpw_¯nÂs¸« sshdkmWp \n]m.
atekybnÂ\n¶p knwK¸qcnte¡p hym]n¨ tcmKw ]¶nIrjn¡mscbpw sXmgnemfnIsfbpamWp IqSpXembn sIms¶mSp¡nbXv. \qdntesdt¸À sshdkv _m[sb¯pSÀ¶p acWs¸«n«pWvSv. ]£n¸\n t]mse Ch a\pjy\nÂ\n¶p a\pjy\nte¡p ]SÀ¶Xmbn CXphsc IsWvS¯nbn«nÃ.
knhnbÀ AIyq«v sdkv]ntdädn kn³t{Umw F¶p ]qÀWcq]w. PetZmj¸\n¡p ImcWamb sImtdmW sshdknsâ amcIamb hIt`Zw. 2002 Z£nW ssN\bnse KzmMvt`mMn BZyambn {]Xy£s¸« tcmKw CXn\Iw 800e[nIw t]cpsS Poh\]lcn¨p. shcpIpIfnÂ\n¶p a\pjy\nte¡p ]SÀ¶ tcmKw 30tesd cmPy§sf _m[n¨p. CXpaqew temIhym]Iamb ap³IcpX \S]SnIÄ FSp¡pIbpWvSmbn.
^ntemhnscsU IpSpw_¯nÂs¸« sshdkmWv Ft_mf tcmK¯n\p ImcWw. B{^n¡bnse kbdn 1976emWp tcmKw BZyambn {]Xy£s¸«Xv. Ft_mf \ZnbpsS Xoc¯p ImWs¸Sp¶ Ipc§pIfnÂ\n¶mWv Ft_mf sshdkv a\pjy\nte¡p hym]n¨Xv. icoc¯nse tcmaIq]§fneqsS càw hmÀ¶mWv Ft_mftcmKnIÄ acn¡pI.
